不同干燥方式对香菇品质、质构和微观结构的影响  

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality,Texture and Microstructure of Shiitake Mushroom

作　　者：刘芹[1] 胡素娟[1] 牛森园 崔筱[1] 孔维丽[1] 张玉亭[1] LIU Qin;HU Sujuan;NIU Senyuan;CUI Xiao;KONG Weili;ZHANG Yuting(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;College of Life Science and Technology,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南郑州453003

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第11期98-106,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河南省重大公益性行业专项资助项目(201300110700);河南省农业生态环境重点实验室开放课题资助项目(Zhs202103);河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作资助项目(2023JC17)。

摘　　要：以新鲜香菇子实体为试材,分别采用热风干燥(hot air-drying,HAD)、真空冷冻干燥(vacume freeze-drying,VFD)和热泵除湿辅助干燥(heat pump dehumidifier-drying,HPD)的方法对其进行干燥处理,研究这3种干燥方法对香菇理化性质、质构、复水特性及微观结构的影响,以期获得一种合适的香菇干燥方式。结果表明:热泵干燥样品的皱缩率(36.30%)和粉碎度(56.21%)以及蛋白质(249.87 g·kg^(-1))和多糖(82.57 g·kg^(-1))含量的保留率均接近真空冷冻干燥样品,但显著高于热风干燥样品(P<0.05)。复水HPDS质地居于复水HADS和VFDS中间,且复水HPDS和新鲜香菇样品的微观结构基本没有差异。HAD、VFD和HPD所需能耗分别为6.67、2.65 kWh·kg^(-1)和0.85 kWh·kg^(-1),HPD所需能耗最低。综上,HPD适合大规模香菇干燥,是一种有推广价值的香菇干燥方式。The fresh fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms were used as the experimental material.They were dried by using hot air-drying(HAD),vacuum freeze-drying(VFD)and heat pump dehumidifier-drying(HPD)methods,respectively.The effects of the three different drying methods on the physicochemical properties,texture,rehydration rate,and microstructure of mushrooms were studied,in order to obtain an appropriate drying method for shiitake mushrooms.The results showed that the shrinkage rate(36.30%)and degree of fragmentation(56.21%),as well as the retention of protein(249.87g·kg^(-1))and polysaccharide(82.57g·kg^(-1))of heat pump dehumidifier-dried sample(HPDS)were close to vacuum freeze-dried sample(VFDS),but significantly higher than those of hot air-dried sample(HADS)(P0.05).The texture of rehydrated HPDS was intermediate between rehydrated HADS and VFDS.Furthermore,the microstructure of rehydrated HPDS had no significant difference to fresh samples.The energy consumption of HAD,VFD and HPD were6.67kWh·kg^(-1),2.65 kWh·kg^(-1)and 0.85 kWh·kg^(-1),respectively.The lowest energy consumption among the three drying methods was seen with HPD.In summary,HPD was a promising drying technology for large-scale drying of shiitake mushroom.

关 键 词：香菇 干燥方式 色差 质构 微观结构 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]