青海省农牧区高年级小学生零食行为现况  

Status of snack behavior of senior primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province

作　　者：张曼 王行 杨素芳 张娜[1,3] 池睿欣 申贵元 李子晔 马福昌 马冠生[1,3] ZHANG Man;WANG Xing;YANG Sufang;ZHANG Na;CHI Ruixin;SHEN Guiyuan;LI Ziye;MA Fuchang;MA Guansheng(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing(100191),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学护理学院 [3]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室 [4]青海省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病预防控制所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第6期819-823,827,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金(DIC2020-11)。

摘　　要：目的 了解青海省农牧区高年级小学生零食消费现状,为开展儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,从青海省海东市、海南州、海西州3座城市4个县区的10所小学抽取四、五年级学生共969名作为研究对象,通过自填调查问卷的方法调查其零食消费现状。结果 学生在家里、学校和其他地方消费零食的报告率分别为98.2%,88.5%和75.4%,其中男生在学校的零食消费报告率低于女生(χ^(2)=9.66);五年级学生在家里和其他地方的零食消费报告率高于四年级学生(χ2值分别为10.31,6.77);农村学生在3个地点的零食消费报告率均高于县城(χ^(2)值分别为6.03,100.53,24.77);寄宿学生在家里的零食消费报告率低于非寄宿学生(χ^(2)=7.22),而在学校的零食消费报告率高于非寄宿学生(χ^(2)=9.04)(P值均<0.01)。在家里最常消费的零食是新鲜水果蔬菜(76.9%)、谷类(67.2%)、坚果(63.7%),在学校最常消费的零食是新鲜水果蔬菜(45.1%)、谷类(36.9%)、糖果类(24.4%),在其他地方最常消费的零食是冷饮(54.7%)、糖果类(51.6%)、饮料(42.9%)。学生零食消费原因的前3位分别为好吃(76.9%)、健康/有营养(65.5%)、干净卫生(59.0%)。结论 青海省农牧区高年级小学生普遍存在吃零食的现象,仍然有很多小学生消费不健康的零食。亟需通过改善学生的饮食环境并开展营养教育,促使其合理选择零食,养成健康饮食行为。Objective To understand the current situation regarding snack food consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province,China,and to provide a scientific basis for nutrition education and intervention strategies.Methods Multistage stratified cluster random sampling was employed.The research included 969 fourth-and fifth-grade students were selected from 10 primary schools in four counties and districts of three cities in Haidong City,Hainan Prefecture and Haixi Prefecture in Qinghai Province.The self-report questionnaire method was used to investigate the current status regarding snack food consumption in this population.Results The proportion of students who consumed snack food at home,school and elsewhere were 98.2%,88.5%and 75.4%,respectively.Male students reported a lower rate of snack consumption at school than female students(χ^(2)=9.66).The fifth grade students reported a higher rate of snack consumption at home and other places than the fourth grade students(χ^(2)=10.31,6.77).The reported rate of snack consumption of students in the rural was higher than that in the county(χ^(2)=6.03,100.53,24.77).The reported rate of snack consumption of boarding students at home was lower than that of non-boarding students(χ^(2)=7.22),while the reported rate of snack consumption at school was higher than that of non-boarding students(χ^(2)=9.04)(P<0.01).The most popular snacks consumed at home included fruits and vegetables,cereals and nuts(76.9%,67.2%,63.7%),while the most popular snacks consumed at school were fruits and vegetables,cereals and candies(45.1%,36.9%,24.4%).The most popular snacks consumed in other settings included ice-cream,candies and beverages(54.7%,51.6%,42.9%).The top three reasons for snacking were that snacks were regarded as delicious,healthy/nutritious and clean(76.9%,65.5%and 59.0%,respectively).Conclusion Snacking is popular among students,although many snacks are unhealthy.Therefore,there is a need to improve food environmen

关 键 词：食品 饮食习惯 费用和收费 学生 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]