年长员工主观年龄对利他行为的影响:控制感的中介作用和组织支持的调节作用  

The Influence of Subjective Age on the Altruistic Behavior of Elder Employees:The Mediating Role of Sense of Control and Moderating Role of Organizational Support

作　　者：杨焕 赵新元 黄桂[1] 崔珍珍 Huan YANG;Xinyuan ZHAO;Gui HUANG;Zhenzhen CUI(School of Business,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275;School of Liberal Arts,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078;Social Training College,Guangzhou Open University,Guangzhou 510091)

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院,广州510275 [2]澳门科技大学博雅学院,中国澳门999078 [3]广州开放大学社会培训学院,广州510091

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2023年第6期90-104,共15页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72001052);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72172161,71872191);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2021A1515011978)。

摘　　要：随着我国社会人口日益老龄化,企业如何有效管理和开发年长员工成为人力资源开发学者和管理人员广泛关注的问题。然而,年龄刻板印象使得部分管理人员忽视了个人生理实际年龄与心理主观感受的差异,从而无法充分发挥年长员工在丰富工作经验、知识诀窍(know how)积累、社会网络资本深厚、适应组织文化等多方面优势。与生理年龄相比,主观年龄反映了个人对年龄的心理感知,更能解释年长员工态度和行为的内源性成因。本研究基于资源保存理论,探讨了主观年龄对年长员工利他行为的作用机制。对三阶段问卷调查数据分析的结果表明,主观年龄年轻化通过控制感,增加年长员工利他行为。组织支持具有显著的调节作用:在高水平组织支持下,主观年龄更年轻的年长员工对生活和工作的控制力越强,利他行为越多。研究结果拓展了主观年龄对年长员工影响机制的前沿研究,对人力资源管理者如何有效开发年长员工资源、实现成功老龄化提供了建议,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。As social population is increasingly aging in our society,how to effectively manage and develop older employees has become an issue of widespread concern to human resource development scholars and managers.However,age stereotypes make some managers ignore the differences in personal physical age and psychological subjective feelings,so that they cannot motivate older employees to fully use various advantages of rich work experience,accumulation of know-hows,wide social network/capital,and adaptation to organizational culture.Compared with biological age,subjective age reflects an individual's psychological perception of age,and can better explain the endogenous causes of older employees'attitudes and behaviors.Based on the resource conservation theory,this study explores the mechanism of subjective age on the altruistic behavior among older employees.The results of the analysis on the three-stage questionnaire survey data show that subjective age increases altruistic behavior among older employees through sense of control.Organizational support has a significant moderating effect:under a high level of organizational support,older employees with younger subjective ages have stronger control over life and work,and act more altruistic behaviors.The research results expand the frontier research on the influence mechanism of subjective age among older employees,and provide suggestions for human resource managers on how to effectively develop older employees and achieve successful aging.

关 键 词：主观年龄 控制感 利他行为 组织支持 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]