从“新民”到“无产阶级新人”:新中国成立前毛泽东国民性改造思想的演进  

From“New People”to“New Proletariat”:The Evolution of Mao Zedong’s National Character Transformation Thought before the Founding of New China

作　　者：孙延青 SUN Yanqing(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006,China;School of Marxism,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006 [2]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《湖南人文科技学院学报》2023年第4期1-6,共6页Journal of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“中国共产党党内教育的发生、演进与机理研究(1921—1949)”(21YJC710084)。

摘　　要：近代以降,面对中国积贫积弱之局,中国近代知识分子在思想文化领域掀起了一场波澜壮阔的国民性改造运动。毛泽东早年曾在严复、梁启超“新民”思想影响之下,自发地进行“新民”探索。直至接受马克思主义之后,通过与中国具体国情相结合,在革命实践中逐步否定了无政府主义所主张的那种绝对个人主义,也否定了自由主义所倡导的追求个体自由和解放的“新民”思想,而是提出了“无产阶级新人观”,为新中国培养和形塑“新人”奠定了坚实基础。In the face of China’s poverty and weakness,Chinese intellectuals in modern times have set off a magnificent na-tional transformation movement in the ideological and cultural field.In his early years,Mao Zedong,under the influence of Yan Fu and Liang Qichao’s“new people”thought,spontaneously explored the national character of“new people”.After accepting Marxism,by combining with China’s specific national conditions,he gradually negated the absolute individualism advocated by anarchism and the“new people”thought advocated by liberalism in pursuit of individual freedom and liberation.Consequently,he put forward the concept of“new proletarian”,which laid a solid foundation for the cultivation and shaping of“new people”in New China.

关 键 词：国民性改造 新民说 无产阶级新人 

分 类 号：A84[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]