震后社会支持对灾民心理健康影响机制的范围综述  

Scoping Review of the Impact of Post-earthquake Social Supporton the Mental Health of Disaster Survivors

作　　者：崔珂 沈芝芳 宋玉田 CUI Ke;SHEN Zhifang;SONG Yutian(School of Public Administration,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《灾害学》2023年第3期148-155,共8页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：四川大学“从0到1”创新研究重点项目“后疫情时代城市社区韧性评估模型、驱动机制与提升路径研究”(2021CXC06)。

摘　　要：灾后心理救助是国际社会广泛关注的灾害议题之一。汶川特大地震是我国学者研究灾民心理健康问题的起点,14年来积累了丰富的成果,回顾相关研究进展和问题并寻找未来方向是现阶段有必要的工作。对此,该文依据范围综述的方法和步骤以及PRISMA-ScR清单,系统检索并分析了以中国境内历年发生的地震为灾害事件,以社会支持对震区灾民心理健康的影响及作用机制为主题的153篇中英文文献。研究发现,现有文献大多以社区和学校为研究情境,以灾民整体或其中的儿童、青少年群体为主要研究对象,研究开展的时期集中于震后一年以内,侧重于从功能性支持的角度采用个体化倾向的自评问卷对灾民社会支持的内容和水平进行操作化处理,进而将社会支持与心理健康视为两个独立的变量检验前者对后者的直接或间接效应。基于此,建议未来的研究可以从扩展对社会支持概念的操作化定义与测量,深入探究社会支持、灾害事件与灾民心理健康的复杂动态关系,加强对社会脆弱群体的专门研究等三个方面进行纵深。Post-disaster psychological assistance has received extensive international attention.Wenchuan earthquake is taken to be the beginning of domestic scholars to study the mental health problems of disaster victims in China,and since then abundant research results have been accumulated over the past 14 years.Therefore,it is necessary to review the relevant progress in time and suggest for future research direction.Based on the methods and steps of scoping review and PRISMA-ScR list,this article systematically searched 153 Chinese and English literatures based on the background of earthquakes in China and analyzed the impact and specific mechanisms of social support on the mental health consequences of earthquake victims.We found that most of the existing literature were conducted in disaster-stricken communities and schools,thereby taking the general disaster victims or children and adolescents as research objects.They predominantly adopted the individual-oriented self-rating questionnaires to process the content and level of social support of disaster victims from the perspective of functional social support,to further test the direct and indirect associations of the former on the latter by taking social support and mental health as two independent variables.Based on the above findings,we suggest that future research could consider giving priority to the three themes:a)expanding the operational definition and measurement for the concept of social support,b)exploring the complex dynamic relationships between social support,disaster events and mental health of victims,and c)strengthening research for socially vulnerable groups.

关 键 词：地震灾害 社会支持 灾后心理健康 范围综述 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R749.92[医药卫生—临床医学] P315[天文地球—地震学]