轻型客车悬架系统垂向动力学优化研究  

Vertical dynamics optimization of a light bus suspension system

作　　者：周庭荣 王良模[1] 王陶[1] 袁刘凯[2] ZHOU Tingrong;WANG Liangmo;WANG Tao;YUAN Liukai(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Nanjing Iveco Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211806,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094 [2]南京依维柯汽车有限公司,南京211806

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第14期131-137,188,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51975295);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20190462)。

摘　　要：为提升某轻型客车平顺性,进行了空气弹簧性能和悬架系统的匹配研究。建立了整车多体动力学模型,通过前悬架K&C台架试验、后悬架理论计算验证了悬架仿真模型的准确性,仿真得出脉冲路面输入下乘客位置在20 km/h垂向加速度过大。搭建联合仿真平台,以扭杆弹簧和空气弹簧参数为设计变量,采用径向基神经网络和神经网络建立了驾驶员位置、乘客位置垂向加速度代理模型,并结合遗传算法对代理模型进行多目标优化,得出悬架参数优化方案。结果表明:当优化后车辆以20 km/h和30 km/h过脉冲路面时,乘客位置的最大垂向加速度分别减小了26.46%和24.88%;在以80 km/h速度过B级随机路面时,乘客位置的垂向加速度均方根值减小了23.72%。同时,驾驶员位置平顺性基本不变,明显改善了整车平顺性。In order to improve the ride comfort of a light bus,the performance matching research of the air spring and suspension system was carried out.The multi-body dynamics model of the whole vehicle was established,and the accuracy of the suspension simulation model was verified through the K&C bench tests of the front suspension and the theoretical calculation of the rear suspension.It is found the vertical acceleration at 20 km/h at the passenger position is too big when running on impulse roads.A co-simulation platform was built,and the parameters of the torsion bar spring and air spring were used as design variables,and the radial basis neural network and other neural network were used to establish the vertical acceleration surrogate model at the driver position and passenger position,and combining the multi-objective surrogate model with the genetic algorithm optimization,a suspension parameter optimization scheme was obtained.The results show that:when the optimized vehicle passes on impulse roads at 20 km/h and 30 km/h,the maximum vertical acceleration at the passenger position is reduced by 26.46%and 24.88%respectively;the RMS value of the vertical acceleration at the passenger position is reduced by 23.72%,at the same time,the smoothness at the driver’s position remains basically unchanged,which significantly improves the smoothness of the entire vehicle.

关 键 词：空气悬架 平顺性 多目标优化 NSGA-Ⅱ 代理模型 

分 类 号：U463.33[机械工程—车辆工程]