一种高静-低动刚度磁弹簧的建模与特性分析  

Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of a Magnetic Spring with High Static Stiffness and Low Dynamic Stiffness

作　　者：张明[1] 谢延松 李洪涛 孙凤[1] 徐方超[1] 张磊 ZHANG Ming;XIE Yansong;LI Hongtao;SUN Feng;XU Fangchao;ZHANG Lei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology,Benxi 117004,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870 [2]辽宁科技学院机械工程学院,辽宁本溪117004

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2023年第4期933-939,946,共8页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52005344,52005345);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006701);辽宁省自然科学基金(2022-MS-271);辽宁省教育厅青年项目(LJKQZ2021044);辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费(202007141)。

摘　　要：为解决低频隔振领域存在的低固有频率和高承载力之间的矛盾,设计了一种新型高静-低动刚度磁弹簧元件.首先,基于电磁场理论和分子电流法建立磁弹簧的弹簧力和刚度模型;其次,建立系统的动力学模型,同时分析线圈通入不同电流时对位移传递率的影响,并与等效线性弹簧进行比较;最后,研制实验样机并进行实验研究.仿真与实验结果表明:磁弹簧气隙-刚度曲线呈先平缓后急剧的非线性关系,具有明显的高静-低动刚度特性;其刚度与电流近似线性关系,磁弹簧可通过改变电流实现较大范围的刚度调整,且刚度响应迅速;在未通入电流时,相对于等效线性弹簧,起始隔振频率和传递率峰值降低26%,在通入负向额定电流时,起始隔振频率和传递率峰值降低了41%.A novel magnetic spring element with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness was designed to address the conflict between low natural frequency and high bearing capacity in the field of low-frequency vibration isolation.First,the spring force and stiffness models of the magnetic spring were built based on electromagnetic field theory and molecular current method;secondly,the dynamics model of the system was established,and the influence of coils with different currents on displacement transmissibility was analyzed and compared with the equivalent linear spring;finally,an experimental prototype was developed,and an experimental study was carried out.The simulation and experimental results show that the air-gap stiffness curve of the magnetic spring presents a nonlinear relationship of being initially flat and then sharp,which indicates obvious characteristics of high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness.The stiffness is approximately linear with the current.The magnetic spring can achieve a wide range of stiffness adjustment by changing the current,and the stiffness response is rapid;when no current is applied,the starting vibration isolation frequency and peak transmissibility are decreased by 26%compared with the equivalent linear spring.When a negative rated current is applied,the starting vibration isolation frequency and peak transmissibility are reduced by 41%.

关 键 词：低频隔振 高静-低动 磁弹簧 电流 非线性 

分 类 号：TH135[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TB535.1[理学—物理]