学龄前孤独症谱系障碍和发育迟缓儿童语言能力比较研究  

The Comparison of Language Ability in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Delay

作　　者：胡新宇 徐恋 刘敏[3] 王艳霞[1] 张月新 刘巧云[1] HU Xin-yu;XU Lian;LIU Min;WANG Yan-xia;ZHANG Yue-xin;LIU Qiao-yun

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学康复科学系,上海200062 [2]嘉兴市阳光智障(孤独症)幼儿教育康复中心,嘉兴314000 [3]华东师范大学上海智能教育研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2023年第4期348-351,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划“生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障”重点专项(2022YFC2705201);国家语委“十四五”科研规划项目面向语迟儿童的家庭语言规划研究(YB45-21);上海市浦江人才计划项目(2019PJC033);高峰项目支持华东师范大学上海智能教育研究院2022年智能教育博士生科研基金(202201001)。

摘　　要：目的研究学龄前孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童和发育迟缓(developmental delay,DD)儿童在接收性和表达性语言能力上存在差异,为ASD和DD儿童的语言康复提供参考建议。方法采用《普通话儿童语言能力临床分级评估量表》对25名学前ASD儿童和18名学前DD儿童进行评估。结果①ASD儿童的词语和句子理解能力显著低于同龄DD儿童(P<0.05);②ASD儿童在接收性语言、表达性语言和整体语言能力上均显著低于同龄DD儿童(P<0.05);③两组儿童各项评估中的错误走向存在差异;④两组儿童在词语和句子理解中大部分错误出现的题项、走向不同;词语命名错误类型中,ASD儿童以无反应为主,DD儿童以不相关描述为主。句式仿说错误类型中,两组儿童在语法错误上均以缺失成分为主,语义错误上以内容不符为主,且组成结构比例相似,但混合错误中除无反应外,ASD儿童以重复例句为主,DD儿童以颠倒为主。结论ASD儿童和同龄DD儿童的语言能力存在差异,且表现为不同的错误类型。Objective To investigate the specific differences in receptive and expressive language abilities in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and developmental delay(DD),and to provide recommendations for language rehabilitation for these children.Method 25 preschool children with ASD and 18 preschool children with DD were assessed using the mandarin clinical evaluation of language for preschooler(MCELP).Results ASD Children had significantly lower rates of correct word comprehension and sentence comprehension than DD children of the same age,as well as significantly lower scores on the language comprehension,language expression,and overall language proficiency scales(P<0.05).There were differences in the direction of errors in each assessment between the two groups of children.Most of the errors in vocabulary comprehension and sentence comprehension occurred in different question items and directions in both groups.Among the types of vocabulary naming errors,no response was dominant in ASD children and irrelevant description was dominant in DD children.Among the types of sentence structure imitation errors,both groups of children had mainly missing components in grammatical errors and content inconsistency in semantic errors,and the proportion of constituent structures was similar,but among the mixed errors,except for non-response,ASD children had mainly repeated example sentences and DD children had mainly reversed them.Conclusion Children with ASD and children with DD of the same age differ in their language abilities and exhibit different types of errors.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 发育迟缓 语言能力 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]