从出土文献看《说文》“读若”的历史语音层次  

Historical Phonetic Strata of“Duruo”in Shuowen Jiezi in the Light of Excavated Texts

作　　者：叶玉英[1] Ye Yuying(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中国语言文学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第2期29-39,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(21BYY135);国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD301)。

摘　　要：利用出土文献资料可离析出《说文》“读若”所揭示的历史语音层次:(1)读若字记录的是被注字音变后的语音,古文字资料表明音变发生的时间有的在战国中晚期,有的在西汉初;(2)从被注字来看,读若字曾经发生过音变,古文字资料表明音变发生在春秋晚期或战国晚期,或汉初;(3)有的音变发生在雅言语音中,有的音变则发生在战国楚方音或秦方音中;(4)同谐声系列的字,《说文》中有的是被注字,有的用作读若字,往往显示出不同的语音层次。这些都属于汉语语音历史演变中的同源层次。剥离这些历史语音层次有助于我们加深对《说文》“读若”性质的认识。Since Shuowen Jiezi(SJ)was compiled for the purpose of interpreting Confucian classics,the phonetic annotations of“duruo”(pronounced as...)in this dictionary did not always indicate the actual pronunciations in the Later Han Period.Rather,they sometimes preserved the tradition handed down by the scholars from previous generations.Therefore,the pronunciation recorded by duruo in SJ manifest historical strata.This paper argues that there are both homogeneous and heterogeneous phonetic strata revealed by“duruo”annotations in SJ.The former refers to the diversity caused by sound changes in history of the same language(including its dialects).Some“duruo”in SJ recorded the old pronunciation of the Pre-Qin time,some recorded that of the Western Han,and some recorded that of Xu Shen’s era.Although some of these pronunciations recorded were from Chu or Qin dialects,since these dialects had evolved from the common language of the Western Zhou or the Spring and Autumn Period,they can be regarded as in the same stratum.“Duruo”in SJ reflect pronunciations of the standard language and local dialects of Xu Shen’s time and also include some old pronunciations which were even represented later in Guangyun or Jiyun in the form of fanqie.On the other hand,heterogeneous phonetic strata refer to two or more independent pronunciations annotated as“duruo”of one character in SJ,which form different phonetic correspondences with that character,and these correspondences are so isolated that it cannot be explained as phonetic divergences.The primary reason for such situation is dialect contact.Since the data of ancient dialects reflected in excavated texts are not enough at present,we only discuss in this paper the first category,the historical homogeneous phonetic strata of duruo in SJ.The characters of“duruo”and the characters annotated in SJ are both in the process of dynamic evolution of phonetics.Excavated texts shed light on the evolution process and the time and space of the phonetic changes,and the phone

关 键 词：《说文解字》 读若 语音层次 上古音 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语]