扩展与收敛:现代新儒学中的仁学——以冯友兰、牟宗三和杜维明为中心  

Expansion and Contraction:A Study of Benevolence in Modern Neo-Confucianism:With Attention to Feng Youlan,Mou Tsungsan,and Du Weiming

作　　者：陈鹏[1] Chen Peng

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学动态》2023年第6期23-30,127,共9页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代新儒学话语研究”(编号18BZX083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代仁学面临的焦点问题之一为:是在现代生活世界中重建一个以道德为统摄(仁体统摄)的文化人生系统,还是只将道德作为文化人生的某个特殊的部分或领域。因此,现代仁学的开展中关于道德“本体性”强弱的思想线索有二:一是仁之本体性的“扩展”方向,二是仁之本体性的“收敛”方向。冯友兰明确否定在宇宙本体论的意义上讲道德,甚至肯定一个“非道德”的生活领域。牟宗三致力于道德形上学的建构,认为仁体既是道德(狭义)的根据,也是一切存在的根据,此乃“一本仁学”之极致。杜维明所建立的“精神人文主义”虽主张存有连续中的精神性,但其仁学收敛于“修身的人学”。现代仁学的“扩展”与“收敛”形成了多元化的儒学开展。From the perspective of philosophical discourse,the core issues of the modern Study of Benevolence(仁学)appear as philosophical studies of morality and being,of morality and life,and of morality and culture.There are two directions that have guided the development of the modern study of benevolence involving the strength and weakness of the moral notion of"original substance"(道德本体):one is the direction of expanding the notion of original substance that applies morality to beings,life and culture,which is represented by Mou Tsungsan(牟宗三);the other is the direction of contracting the notion of original substance that concerns different degrees of tendency,which represented by Feng Youlan(冯友兰)and Du Weiming(杜维明).Feng Youlan's New Neo-Confucianism(新理学)clearly denies the understanding of morality in the sense of cosmological ontology,and he even affirms an"immoral"field of life."A Study of Benevolence in the New Neo-Confucianism"basically presents a modern interpretation of the concept of"benevolence"from the perspective of the philosophy of life and ethics,which has four main meanings;the first is the sense of love,the second is the sense of emotion,the third is the sense of self-consciousness and understanding(觉解),and the fourth is the sense of the living sphere of heaven and earth(天地境界).In the New Neo-Confucianism,"benevolence"is no longer the original category,and it no longer has a dominant and central position.However,Feng does not confine"benevolence"to the field of social morality,but extends moral concerns to the universe understood as the living sphere of spirit(精神境界),which in some extent preserves the ultimate meaning of morality.Mou Tsungsan is committed the re-construction of moral metaphysics.Benevolence is not only the basis of morality,but also the basis of being,and it represents an extreme understanding""a study of benevolence as the one root"(一本仁学).His concept of benevolence has three essential meanings:the first is one root(—本),the s

关 键 词：仁 道德 一本性 扩展 收敛 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]