云南省过桥米线加工过程微生物污染监测与分子分型及耐药分析  

Monitoring and analysis of pathogenic bacteria pollution,molecular typing and drug resistance in cross-bridge rice noodles processing in Yunnan province

作　　者：何玉凤 杨祖顺[1] HE Yu-feng;YANG Zu-shun(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province,Kunming,Yunnan 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650022

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2023年第3期74-78,共5页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的监测云南省过桥米线加工制作过程中环境、加工人员、器具、原料和成品环节微生物污染状况,分析污染的高风险环节及关键控制点。方法2021年在云南省5个州(市)随机采集过桥米线加工过程的样本检测大肠菌群、5种食源性致病菌并进行PFGE溯源及耐药分析。结果338份样本中,大肠菌群检出率成品环节(23.3%)明显低于其他环节(66.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.660,P<0.05)。食源性致病菌检出率成品环节(0.0%)明显低于原料环节(28.9%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.064,P<0.05)。14株沙门菌经过脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型分为12个带型,每种带型包括1~2株菌,相似率在42.6%~100.0%,耐药100.0%,多重耐药率达92.9%。结论云南省过桥米线生产加工环节卫生状况不佳,某些环节存在致病菌污染,但经过高温汤烫制后的成品卫生质量明显提高,食源性致病菌污染风险降低。检出的沙门菌PFGE溯源可能相关,且耐药严重;建议相关部门加强监督管理,减少食源性疾病的发生。Objective To monitor the pathogenic bacteria pollution of environment,processing personnel,utensils,raw materials and finished products in the processing of cross-bridge rice noodles in Yunnan province,and analyze the high-risk links and critical control points of the pollution.Methods The samples in the processing of bridge rice noodles were randomly collected from 5 prefectures(cities)for the detection of coliform and 5 foodborne pathogens,tracing to the source by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and analysis of drug resistance in Yunnan province,2021.Results Among the 338 samples,the detection rate of coliforms was lower in the finished products(23.3%)than that in other links(66.2%),with statistical difference(χ^(2)=19.660,P<0.05).The detection rate of food-borne pathogens was lower in finished products(0.0%)than that in raw materials(28.9%),with statistical difference(χ^(2)=11.064,P<0.05).There were 12 band(1-2 strains for each)classified by PFGE in 14 strains of salmonella,with the similarity rate from 42.6%to 100.0%and the drug resistance rate of 100.0%.The multidrug resistance rate reached 92.9%.Conclusions The sanitary conditions of cross-bridge rice noodles are not good in the production and processing links in Yunnan province,and the pollution of pathogenic bacteria exists in some links.The sanitary quality of finished products improve after scald with high temperature soup,and the risk of foodborne pathogenic bacteria pollution is reduced.The genetic relationship of the detected salmonella is close,and the drug resistance is serious.It is suggested to strengthen the supervision and management,for reducing the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

关 键 词：过桥米线 致病菌 污染 

分 类 号：R155.6[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]