论公立高校校规中法律保留原则的适用  

School Autonomy and the Principle of Legal Reservation

作　　者：林家睿 LIN Jiarui

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《法学评论》2023年第4期46-56,共11页Law Review

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金项目“家庭教育中的国家义务体系建构研究”(项目编号:22BFX029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：针对公立高校校规是否应适用法律保留原则的问题,学界众说纷纭,该问题对维护学生权利具有重要意义,而立足于宪法学视角能够从根本上明晰法律保留原则适用的必要性与具体情形。在学生面前,公立高校应被视为公权力,公立高校与学生之间构成一组宪法关系,公立高校校规应当尊重学生的基本权利,满足法律保留等原则的要求。而在国家面前,由于存在“人的基底”,公立高校又可以在满足特定条件的情况下例外成为基本权利主体,从而与国家之间形成另一组宪法关系。基于公立高校的双重身份,针对校规适用法律保留原则可能会导致立法限制公立高校的基本权利,从而需要对法律进行正当性论证。为了解决公立高校办学自主权与法律保留原则之间的张力,应将办学自主权划分为三个层级,并据此调适法律保留原则在不同情形中的适用级别。There are different opinions in the academic circles on whether the principle of legal reservation should be applied to the regulations of public colleges and universities.This issue is important for the protection of students'rights.Public universities should be regarded as public authority.The relationship between public universities and students constitutes a set of constitutional relations,and the rules of public universities should respect the basic rights of students and meet the requirements of the principle of legal reservation.In the presence of the"human substrate"before the state,public colleges and universities can be subjects of fundamental rights under certain conditions,thus forming another set of constitutional relations with the state.Based on the dual status of public universities,the application of the principle of legal reservation to school regulations may lead to the restriction of the fundamental rights of public universities by legislation,which requires the justification of the law.In order to resolve the tension between the autonomy of public universities and the principle of legal reservation,the autonomy of university operation should be divided into three levels and the levels of application of the principle of legal reservation in different situations should be adjusted accordingly.

关 键 词：法律保留 办学自主权 重要性理论 基本权利主体 高校校规 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] D921[文化科学—教育学]