民国“儿童年”期间弱势儿童救济与保护事业的讨论与实践  

Discussion and Practice on the Relief and Protection of Vulnerable Children During the"Children's Year"of the Republic of China

作　　者：薛国瑞[1] 王妤婕 XUE Guorui;WANG Yujie(College of Child Development and Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,311231,China;Danfeng Kindergarten,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,311231,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学儿童发展与教育学院 [2]杭州市丹枫幼儿园,浙江杭州311231

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2023年第8期12-24,共13页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：2017年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“民国时期国立大学教师薪酬制度演进与大学学术发展(1912—1949)”(编号:17YJC880113)。

摘　　要：1935年8月,国民政府在全国范围内举办了一场名为“儿童年”的儿童启蒙运动。其间,学界就弱势儿童的种类、形成原因做了较为深入的分析,并提出了相应的救济和保护办法,为国民政府开展弱势儿童的救济与保护工作提供了思想指导和舆论基础。国民政府成立全国儿童年实施委员会,指导各地开展了救济灾区儿童、改善童工学徒待遇、督导各地筹设贫儿院孤儿救济所、改善育婴机关和厉行废止儿童体罚苛罚等一系列工作,逐步建立起儿童的社会保障体系,儿童的弱势状态得以在制度和物质层面有所改变。这些都为儿童摆脱整体的弱势状态提供了有益经验。In August 1935,the national government held a nationwide children's enlightenment movement called"children's year".During this period,the academic circles made an in-depth analysis on the types and causes of vulnerable children,and put forward the corresponding relief and protection measures,which provided ideological guidance and public opinion basis for the national govermment to carry out the relief and protection of vulnerable children.The national government set up the national commitee for the implementation of children's year,and guided the local communities to carry out a series of tasks such as providing relief to children in disaster areas,improving the treatment of child laborers and apprentices,supervising the establishment of orphanage relief centers,improving childcare institutions,and strictly abolishing corporal punishment and harsh penalties for children,and gradually establishing a social security system for children.As a result,the vulnerable state of children has been changed at the institutional and material levels.All of these provide useful experience for children to get rid of the overall vulnerable state.

关 键 词：民国教育 “儿童年” 弱势儿童 儿童救济与保护 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]