王阳明“心即理”理解的三重误解与辩证  

An Analysis of the Three Major Misunderstandings of Wang Yangming’s Proposition of the Mind Being the Rule

作　　者：傅锡洪 FU Xihong(Boya(Liberal Arts)College,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期79-87,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清朱子学通史”(21&ZD051)。

摘　　要：以往学者对王阳明的“心即理”命题多有误解,其要者有三:第一,认为这个命题主张的是但凡心中的意念都合理,并批评阳明混淆了心性,必须退回性即理的理学框架中去;第二,认为这个命题的含义是排除一切经验意识的超越本心与理同一;第三,认为这个命题意味着可以放任自然,而无须后天努力。实际上,这个命题表示的是善念(或说本心所发的意念)即是理。阳明以此命题指点学者使意识指向心,感受到本心的指引和推动,进而使本心之念落实。不过,因为私欲的干扰和不同情境中理的不同,单纯放任自然的态度是不足以把握理和落实理的,人们不应排除借助刻意与省察之后天努力。There are three major misunderstandings of Wang Yangming’s proposition that the mind is the rule in previous studies.First,they have stated that this proposition has implied that ideas originating from the mind are all aligned with the rule.Based on this statement,they have criticized Wang Yangming who had confusion over mind and nature,and it is reasonable to hold the view that nature is the rule rather than the view that the mind is the rule.Second,they have held that this proposition has also implied that the transcendental mind which excludes all experiences is the same thing as the rule.Third,they have maintained that this proposition has assumed that moral practice can be performed naturally without reliance on posterior efforts.This paper proposes that ideas with positive implications,i.e.,ideas originating from the original mind are all aligned with the rule.This proposition by Wang Yangming aims to guide scholars to make their consciousness turn to their original minds and follow the instructions of their original minds to fulfill the goals arising from their original minds.However,given the fact that there will be distraction from desires and that rules are contextual,the attitude of following the natural way is not sufficiently helpful to grasp the rules and fulfill the demands of rules.Therefore,posterior efforts with clear intentions and careful examinations also matter much.

关 键 词：王阳明 心即理 本心 同一 即用是体 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]