孤独症谱系障碍实验模型研究进展  

Research Progress on Experimental Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders

作　　者：方靖靖 黄昆仑[1,2,3] 仝涛 FANG Jingjing;HUANG Kunlun;TONG Tao(Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,Ministry of Education,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism(Food Safety),the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,精准营养与食品质量重点实验室,教育部功能乳品重点实验室,北京100083 [2]农业农村部农业转基因生物安全评价(食用)重点实验室,北京100083 [3]食品质量与安全北京实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2023年第4期509-523,共15页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(7222249);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2021QC118);中国农业大学2115人才工程资助项目。

摘　　要：孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种典型的由遗传或/和环境因素引起的异质性神经发育障碍。ASD患者的主要特征是社交沟通障碍、语言沟通障碍和刻板行为。目前,ASD的发病机制尚不明确,缺乏有效的治疗方法。综述了近年来用于ASD研究的细胞模型和动物模型,包括PC12细胞、SH-SY5Y细胞、人诱导多能干细胞、淋巴母细胞系和原代神经元,以及非哺乳动物模型、产前丙戊酸暴露模型、BTBR特发性小鼠模型、母体免疫激活模型、基于ASD易感基因构建的啮齿类动物模型和非人灵长类动物模型,总结了现有的ASD细胞模型和动物模型的关键信息,重点阐述了各模型的优势、局限性、构建方法和重要注意事项,以期为探索ASD的发病机制和开发新的诊疗方法奠定基础。Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a typical heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder induced by genetic or/and environmental factors.The main characteristics of ASD patients are social communication deficits,verbal communication disorders,and stereotyped behaviors.Currently,the pathogenesis of ASD is not clear,and there is a lack of effective treatment methods.This review focused on cell models and animal models used for ASD research in recent years,including PC12 cells,SH-SY5Y cells,human induced pluripotent stem cells,lymphoblastoid cell lines,and primary neurons,as well as non-mammalian models,prenatal valproic acid exposure models,BTBR idiopathic mouse models,maternal immune activation models,rodent models based on ASD susceptibility genes,and non-human primate models.We consolidated the key information on the available cell models and animal models of ASD and highlighted the advantages,limitations,construction methods,and important caveats of each model,which was expected to lay a foundation for exploring the pathogenesis and developing new diagnosis and treatment methods for ASD.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 细胞模型 非哺乳动物模型 啮齿类动物模型 非人灵长类动物模型 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]