数字经济背景下反洗钱立法的行刑衔接  

Anti-money Laundering Legislation from the Connection of Criminal Law and Administrative Law in the Background of Digital Economy

作　　者：潘智源 Pan Zhiyuan

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2023年第4期53-69,共17页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“恶势力的生成机理及其阻断机制研究”(20AFX013);最高人民检察院检察理论研究重点课题“黑恶犯罪治理的长效机制研究”(GJ2021B04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字经济时代的来临给我国反洗钱监管提出了新的挑战。然而,我国反洗钱行政立法与刑法立法存在脱节现象,两者对“洗钱”概念界定不一,且未能形成行政处罚与刑罚的二元续接惩戒机制,有必要从行刑衔接的角度完善我国反洗钱立法,以应对数字经济时代所产生的新型洗钱违法犯罪活动。行政犯遵循行政法定性、刑事法定量的罪名生成机理,在具体的规制场域内,行政法与刑法的规范保护目的应相互合致,由此反映的行政犯立法一方面要求行政法与刑法对法概念界定的相互统一,另一方面要求行政违法与刑事罪名的相互照应。具体到反洗钱领域,即反洗钱法与刑法对“洗钱”概念的界定应相互统一;反洗钱法应明晰洗钱的行政违法性,为洗钱罪的行政违法性认定提供前置法根基;刑法应补足对反洗钱法所规定的反洗钱失职犯罪的刑事制裁,以实现刑法对前置法的补充、保障功能。The advent of the digital economy era has brought new challenges to China's anti-money laundering supervision.There is a disconnect between China's anti-money laundering administrative legislation and criminal legislation.The definition of“money laundering”is inconsistent between administrative legislation and criminal legislation,and there is no connection mechanism between administrative punishment and criminal punishment.It is necessary to improve China's anti-money laundering legislation from the perspective of“connection between Criminal Law and Administrative Law”.The construction of the“connection between Criminal Law and Administrative Law”mechanism is based on the protective purpose of the regulative rules.The legislative model of“connection between Criminal Law and Administrative Law”on the one hand requires the correspondence between administrative offense and criminal offense,and on the other hand requires Administrative Law and Criminal Law have the same concept in law.China's anti-money laundering legislation aims to safeguard national security.Accordingly,the definition of“money laundering”in anti-money laundering legislation should include the broadest scope of predicating crimes,administrative legislation should set administrative penalties for money laundering violations to clarify its administrative illegality,and criminal law legislation should add the crime of to fail fulfilling duties against money laundering to supplement the criminal sanctions for serious violations of anti-money laundering obligations.

关 键 词：数字经济 行刑衔接 行政犯罪 反洗钱 洗钱罪 

分 类 号：D922.281[政治法律—经济法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]