中国古代高等教育溯源:文献学视角的考察  

Tracing to the Origin of Higher Education in Ancient China:An Investigation from the Perspective of Philology

作　　者：刘蕴秀[1] LIU Yunxiu

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院学术资源部,北京100120

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2023年第4期133-142,共10页Renmin University of China Education Journal

摘　　要：本文从文献学的视角,就中国古代高等教育进行溯源,对其历史脉络、文教政策、高等教育形态、高等教育相关论述进行探讨。中国古代高等教育发轫很早、雏形清晰。商朝的瞽宗,战国时期的稷下学宫,便是当时的大学。汉代高等教育,私学、官学并存,其中官办太学影响很大。魏晋南北朝时期,战乱迭起,官学衰退,私学活跃,名儒聚徒讲学。及至唐宋元明清,私学中不同形式并存,层次林林总总。与此同时,书院萌芽于唐朝末期,形成于五代,盛行于宋代。书院是以私人创办为主,是集教学、藏书与研究为一体的具有高等教育性质的教育机构。当然,中国古代高等教育的概念,与当今差别较大,只可知古鉴今,不能等量齐观。From the perspective of philology,this paper traces the origins ofhigher education in ancient China,and discusses their historical context,cultural and educational policies,and higher education forms.Higher education in China started very early and had a clear embryonic form.Gu Zong in the Shang Dynasty and Ji Xia School Palace in the East Zhou Dynasty were primitive higher education settings at that time.In the Han Dynasty,private and official higher education settings coexisted,within which Tai Xue was an influential government-run university form.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasty,while wars occurred repeatedly,official universities declined whereas private universities were more active,and famous scholars gathered to give lectures.In the Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty,different forms of private universities coexisted.At the same time,the Academy sprouted in the late Tang Dynasty,and prevailed in the Song Dynasty.The Academy was a university-oriented educational institution with a collection of books,teaching and research,which was mainly founded by individuals.The concept of higher education or universities in ancient China discussed in the paper were quite different from that of today.We should learn from the past and avoid equate them.

关 键 词：高等教育 大学 私学 书院 溯源 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]