审执分离向何处去?  

Where Does the Separation of Adjudication and Execution Go?

作　　者：王杏飞 Wang Xingfei

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2023年第4期103-114,共12页Law-Based Society

基　　金：国家法治与法学理论研究项目“司法解释的规范化研究”(项目编号:18SFB2027);重庆市教委重大科技项目“智能驾驶监管政策与法律问题研究”(项目编号:KJZD-M201900301)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：准确理解民事执行权的性质是推进审执分离改革的理论基础与逻辑前提。当前对民事执行权性质存在不同的认识。从国家权力分工属性而言,有司法权说、行政权说与折衷说;从民事执行权的归属而言,有债权人说、国家说和折衷说。域外对民事执行权的性质并无统一的立法模式与认识,执行实践也各具特色。我国民事执行“执中有审、执审糅杂”,对执行实施行为与审查行为亦未做严格区分。民事执行权是实现债权人私法上权益的国家强制力,旨在实现生效法律文书确定的权益并维持正常的法秩序。以此为基点来审视民事执行权与谋划审执分离改革,执行审查权由法院专属行使,部分执行实施权从法院分离,探索建立多元执行机制,有利于实现当事人利益与执行效率最大化的目标。An accurate understanding of the nature of civil execution power is the theoretical basis and logical premise to promote the reform of the separation of adjudication and execution.At present,there are different understandings about the nature of civil execution power.In terms of the nature of the division of state power,there are judicial power theory,administrative power theory and compromise theory.From the ownership of civil execution power,there are creditor theory,state theory and compromise theory.There is no unified legislative model and understanding of the nature of civil execution power outside China,and the execution practice also has its own characteristics.Within China,civil execution practices demonstrate a fusion of adjudication and execution,lacking strict demarcation between implementation actions and review proceedings.Civil execution power is a national coercive force to realize the rights and interests of creditors in private law,which aims to realize the rights and interests determined by effective legal documents and maintain normal legal order.Taking this as a starting point to examine the reform of the separation of civil execution power from planning and execution,this paper holds that the power of execution review being exercised exclusively by the court,part of the power of execution being separated from the court,and exploring the establishment of a pluralistic execution mechanism are conducive to achieving the goal of maximizing the interests of the parties involved and the efficiency of execution.

关 键 词：民事执行权 执行实施权 执行审查权 审执分离 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]