厌氧-缺氧-好氧法污水处理厂二沉池活性污泥微生物多样性研究及反硝化聚磷菌筛选  

Study on the Diversity of Microbial Community and the Denitrifying Phosphorus Accumulating Bacteria in the Activated Sludge from the Secondary Sedimentation Tank of Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：袁野 周佳[1] 陈研 赵帅 黄亮[1] 罗宇[1] 屈建航[1] YUAN Ye;ZHOU Jia;CHEN Yan;ZHAO Shuai;HUANG Liang;LUO Yu(QU Jianhang College of Bioengineering,HHenan University of Technology,Zhengzhou,450001)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学生物工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2023年第1期94-102,共9页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42107139);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A180009);河南工业大学创新基金支持计划专项(2021ZKCJ15)共同资助。

摘　　要：厌氧-缺氧-好氧法(anaerobic-anoxic-oxic, AAO)是污水处理的常用工艺,其二沉池活性污泥蕴藏丰富的微生物资源。本研究采用高通量测序技术研究二沉池活性污泥的微生物群落结构及功能,以传统分离培养法筛选并鉴定其中的反硝化聚磷菌。结果表明,二沉池活性污泥中的细菌主要由绿弯菌门(Chloroflex, 23.2%)、变形菌门(Protecbacterna, 20.6%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteniota, 17.4%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota, 15.8%)组成,其中属水平分类地位未明确的腐螺旋菌科(norank_f_Saprospiraceae)、属水平分类地位未明确的糖酵母目(norank_o_Saccharimonadales)、属水平分类地位未明确的暖绳菌科(norank_f_Caldilineaceae)的属占优势地位。KEGG和COG注释结果表明,活性污泥菌群存在氮代谢、氧化磷酸化以及磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐代谢等途径,且碳水化合物运输和代谢、无机离子转运和代谢等功能基因相对丰富。使用R2A培养基分离出21种细菌,分属放线菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中19株菌株具有脱氮除磷能力,分别归为束村氏菌属(Tsukamurella)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、产气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假黄单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)和戈登氏菌属(Gordonia)等,束村氏菌D14、泛菌D6、产气单胞菌D8和戈登氏菌D4对含高浓度硝态氮(40 mg/L)、氨氮(80 mg/L)和磷(10 mg/L)的废水中氮和磷的去除率均在80%以上。二沉池活性污泥中丰富的微生物资源尤其是脱氮除磷菌的进一步明确,为其资源化再利用提供了新的依据和参考。The anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(AAO) process is a universal method for wastewater treatment and its secondary sedimentation tank activated sludge is rich in microbial resources. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the structure and function of the microbial community in activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank, and the traditional isolation and culture method was used to screen the denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria. The results showed that bacteria in activated sludge of the secondary sedimentation tank were mainly composed of 23.2% Chloroflex, 20.6% Protecbacterna, 17.4% Actinobacteniota and 15.8% Bacteroidota. Among them, genera of norank_f_Saprospiraceae, norank_o_Saccharimonadales and norank_f_Caldilineaceae were dominant. The results of KEGG and COG annotation of partial gene showed that nitrogen metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism pathways existed in the sludge bacteria, and functional genes such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, inorganic ion transport and metabolism were relatively abundant. Twenty-one species were isolated with R2A medium, belonging to Actinobacteniota, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Among them, there were 19 strains possessed the removal abilities for nitrogen and phosphorus, which were affiliated to Tsukamurella, Pantoea, Aeromonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Gordonia, and so on. The strains Tsukamurella sp. D14, Pantoea sp. D6, Aeromonas sp. D8 and Gordonia sp. D4 had a nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of higher than 80% for wastewater containing high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen(40 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen(80 mg/L) and phosphorus(10 mg/L). The rich microbial resources in activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank, especially the nitrogen and phosphorus removal bacteria were clarified further, which would provide a new basis and reference for the reutilization of the resource.

关 键 词：活性污泥 微生物群落 反硝化聚磷菌 脱氮 除磷 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X703