拓宽企业福利提供的成本空间:透视社会保险减负对企业年金的影响  

Broaden the Cost Space for Corporate Welfare:Exploring the Impact of the Social Insurance Contribution Cut on Enterprise Annuity

作　　者：马孟琛 彭云 白晨 顾昕 MA Meng-chen;PENG Yun;BAI Chen;GU Xin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [2]中国行政管理学会 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院社会保障系 [4]浙江大学公共管理学院 [5]浙江大学社会治理研究院 [6]浙江大学民生保障与公共治理研究中心

出　　处：《保险研究》2023年第6期92-108,共17页Insurance Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中加快实现共同富裕研究”(21JZD019);中央高校基本科研业务费资助;浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地浙江大学民生保障与公共治理研究中心自设课题“共同富裕的社会政策之维:保护主义与发展主义的平衡与融合”(23JDZSZD01)成果。

摘　　要：本文以《降低社会保险费率综合方案》的实施作为一项准自然实验,引入效率工资理论,采用2015~2021年上市公司的微观数据,运用双重差分模型评估该政策对上市公司建立企业年金计划的促进效应。研究发现,相对于不受政策冲击的地区,受政策冲击地区上市公司的企业年金计划覆盖率提高了16.51%,并且这种促进效应在更重视人力资本和更重视员工责任的企业中更为显著。这些研究发现为基于行为经济学的效率工资理论提供了实证验证,表明那些高度重视员工的企业在劳动力成本约束条件宽松的情形下愿意提升员工福利的水平,包括设立企业年金。同时,这些研究发现也为养老保险体系中多支柱的均衡发展,尤其是扭转补充养老保险发展迟缓的格局,提供了具有理论和经验基础的政策依据。The paper takes the implementation of The Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Insurance Premium Rate as a quasi-natural experiment.Based on the efficiency wage theory and listed enterprises'micro data from 2015 to 2021,and uses the DID model to assess the promoting effects of the policy on listed companies to launch enterprise annuity plans.We find that the implementation of the policy bolsters the coverage of the enterprise annuity plans by 16.51%for those listed companies located in the regions impacted by the policy and the positive impact is more conspicuous in those enterprises which pay more attention to human capital accumulation and employee responsibility.These findings have offered empirical tests for efficiency wage theory based on behavior economics,indicating that those firms which pay high attention to employees would improve their employee benefits including launching enterprise annuity plans,when their labor cost constraints are relaxed.These findings have theoretical and empirical policy implications for the balanced development of the multi-pillar pension system,in particular to reverse the tide of supplementary pension′s underdevelopment.

关 键 词：社会养老保险 企业年金 缴费率 效率工资理论 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理]