自动化是否扩大了企业内部收入差距——来自制造业非国有上市公司的证据  

Can Automation Enlarge Within-firm Income Gap:Evidence from Non-State-Owned Listed Manufacturing Companies in China

作　　者：王筱筱 卢国军 崔小勇[2] Wang Xiaoxiao;Lu Guojun;Cui Xiaoyong(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;School of Economics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院 [2]北京大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2023年第4期85-103,共19页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“促进经济高质量发展的税制结构优化与改革研究”(项目编号:21&ZD097)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自动化技术的广泛应用在提高生产效率的同时改变着收入分配。本文从企业内部收入分配的视角,借助2012—2019年中国制造业上市公司和国际机器人联合会发布的工业机器人数据,识别出自动化程度对非国有企业内部收入差距的扩大作用,并检验了可能的影响机制:以机器人渗透度衡量的自动化程度每提高1%,高级管理人员与普通员工之间的收入差距平均扩大0.17%。自动化程度通过降低管理成本和改善经营绩效两个方面提升可供管理层分享的租金,进而提升高管薪酬,扩大企业内部收入差距。异质性分析表明,对于高管持股份额越高、普通员工议价能力越强或所在行业资本密集度越低的企业,自动化程度增加对企业内部收入差距的提升幅度越小。The wide application of automation not only improves productivity,but also affects in-come distribution.From the perspective of firms􀆳internal income distribution,we identify a sig-nificantly positive impact of automation on the wage gap in non-state-owned enterprises and test its mechanism.Using the data of listed manufacturing companies in China from 2012 to 2019 and industrial robots􀆳installation data from the International Federation of Robotics,we find that for every 1%increase in automation(measured by robot penetration),the wage gap between execu-tives and employees in non-state-owned enterprises widens by an average of 0􀆰17%.Such an in-fluence comes from the significant increase in the average salary of executives,while the average salary of employees has no significant correlation with automation.The mechanism analysis shows that automation increases executive compensation through reducing corporate governance costs and increasing operation performance.As a result,the income gap within enterprises increases.In addition,as for enterprises with higher executive ownership share,stronger bargaining power of ordinary employees,or low capital intensity in the industry,automation has a smaller impact on internal income gap.

关 键 词：自动化 工业机器人 收入不平等 薪酬差距 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]