道德生物增强与道德认知  

Moral Bioenhancement and Moral Cognition

作　　者：徐向东[1] XU Xiang-dong(School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期42-54,共13页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“人类道德行为的进化与社会文化心理机制研究”(20&ZD039);科技部科技创新2030—重大项目“脑科学与类脑研究”(2021ZD0200409)。

摘　　要：随着认知神经科学、进化生物学和进化心理学以及一系列相关技术的发展,通过技术手段来增强人类能力被认为变得可能并展示出强大的应用前景。人类增强的一些倡导者认为,鉴于人类通过进化产生的道德心理与人类目前的生活环境不相适应,若不通过生物医学手段来增强人类道德,人类就会面临各种灾难性威胁。从情感主义道德心理学的角度来审视道德生物增强的倡议,尝试表明这个倡议不仅未能充分正视人类道德生活的复杂性,其基本预设也不符合我们对道德认知和道德发展深思熟虑的理解,因此,尽管道德生物增强的倡议在很大程度上是可理解的,但它可能取得的成效不仅极为有限,而且其自身也不能取代常规的道德教育方式。With the development of cognitive neuroscience,evolutionary biology,evolutionary psychology and a range of related technologies,the enhancement of human abilities through technological means has been recognized as possible and shows broad application prospect.Some advocates of human enhancement argue that,given the in-compatibility of the moral psychology which humans have developed through evolution with the current environment in which humans live,humanity would face various catastrophic threats if human morality had not been enhanced through biomedical means.This paper aims to examine the moral bioenhancement initiative from the perspective of sentimentalist moral psychology and attempt to show that not only does the initiative fail to adequately address the complexities of human moral life,but its underlying presuppositions are also inconsistent with our considered under-standing of moral cognition and moral development,therefore,understandable to a large extent as the moral bioen-hancement initiative is,what it is expected to achieve are not only extremely limited,but it itself also cannot substi-tute for conventional approaches to moral education.

关 键 词：道德生物增强 道德进化 情感 道德先天论 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]