马王堆帛书《缪和》《昭力》文本体例探析——兼论《易传》类文献的说《易》特色  

The Structure of Text and the Annotation Style of Zhouyi on Mawangdui Silk Book of Mu He and Zhao Li

作　　者：蔡卓 Cai Zhuo(College of Social Sciences, Shenzhen University)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学社会科学学院,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2023年第3期26-35,共10页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“长沙马王堆汉墓帛书《缪和》《昭力》综合研究”(22FZSB020);2021年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“长沙马王堆汉墓帛书《周易》经传研究史与集释疏证”(21YJC770003);2021年深圳市哲学社会科学规划课题“帛书《易传》研究情况梳理与文本集释新释”(SZ2021C021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《缪和》二十五个章节按照体例特点可分为四大部分。第一部分为师生问答体,而这一部分又可以进一步细分为“一问一答”“一问多答”和“多问多答”三种体例,其分章标准和次序编排是根据同一位学生提问的每一则卦爻辞,每一章围绕一则卦爻辞展开问答,“一问多答”的章节则并非都是问答时的内容,其中存在后续补充的内容。第二部分专门记载“子曰”之语,其内部体例也有差别,有在一章中兼引《易》证言和解释爻辞的体例,也有在一章中引经和解经之前分别强调“子曰”的体例。第三部分的体例十分整齐划一,都是文末引用卦爻辞阐述历史故事的大义。第四部分的体例类似《小象》,重点讨论一则爻辞中的部分文辞,然后用下定义的方式进行解释。《缪和》《昭力》都以问答体为主,《昭力》篇首也没有标示区分不同文献的长形墨条,更重要的是《缪和》《昭力》的“子”所反映出来的思想特点是一致的,这无疑说明二者是同一种文献中各自独立命名的不同篇目。对比其他《易传》文献,《缪和》《昭力》的传《易》体例十分独特,其整饬程度也是其他帛书《易传》所不及的。The twenty-five chapters of Mu He can be divided into four parts according to the characteristics of structure.The first part is a question and answer for teachers and students,which can be further subdivided into three types:one question and one answer,one question and multiple answers,and multiple questions and multiple answers.The standard and sequence of chapters are arranged for each hexagram that the same student asks questions.The main content of each chapter is to start questions and answers around this hexagram.The chapter of “one question and multiple answers” has content that is supplemented subsequently.The second part specifically records the words of “Zi”,and there are also differences in their internal styles.In one chapter,there are both ways of quoting hexagram and explaining it.In another chapter,there are ways of emphasizing “Zi Yue” respectively before quoting and reconciling scriptures.The third part is quite orderliness,which is at the end of the text cited hexagrams lines to explain the meaning of historical stories.Both Mu He and Zhao Li are the types of questions and answers mainly,and the beginning of Zhao Li does not mark the long ink bars that distinguish different documents.More importantly,the ideological characteristics reflected by the “Zi” in Mu He and Zhao Li are consistent,which undoubtedly shows that they are different chapters independently named in the same document.Compared with other Yi Zhuan,Mu He and Zhao Li are very unique in style,and their orderliness is not as good as that of other silk books.

关 键 词：马王堆 缪和 昭力 易传 子曰 

分 类 号：K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]