历史上贵州刺梨的名实考辨及其开发利用  

The Examination of the Name and Reality of Roxburgh in Guizhou and its Development and Utilization in History

作　　者：严奇岩[1] Yan Qiyan(School of History and Political Science and Institute of History,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院暨历史研究院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《古今农业》2023年第2期70-82,共13页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“云贵地区历代竹枝词资料搜集整理与研究”(19AZD034);贵州省2019年度社科规划重点项目“明代至民国时期云贵地区竹枝词资料搜集整理研究”(19GZZD13)。

摘　　要：刺梨作为野生水果,虽然多地有分布,但原产贵州,也主产贵州。历史文献中以清代民国时期贵州方志记载最多,将刺梨等同金樱子,存在同名异物的混淆,造成以讹传讹,文献引用中应特别注意辨析。而清代竹枝词常歌咏刺梨,为我们考证刺梨及刺梨酒提供详实资料。学界一般认为刺梨酒最早记载于道光时期。嘉庆时期张澍《黔苗竹枝词》歌咏锅圈仡佬刺梨酒,是笔者所见刺梨酒的最早记载。总体上,清代至民国时期的历史文献围绕刺梨名实、产地、开发利用类型、功能、采摘时节、品种以及刺梨开发利用的主体等问题,存在不同认识,体现人们对刺梨开发利用的水平。As a wild fruit,Roxburgh is distributed in many places,but it is originally produced in Guizhou,also mainly produced in Guizhou.It were the most recorded in historical documents,the local Chronicles of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,but when identifying Roxburgh with Rosa laevigata michx,there was confusion of homonyms,which resulted in incorrect transmission.Special attention should be paid to discrimination in literature citation.In the Qing Dynasty,Zhuzhici often sang Roxburgh,which providing detailed information for us to research Roxburgh and Roxburgh Wine.It was generally believed that Roxburgh Wine was first recorded in Daoguang Period in Qing Dynasty.In fact,Toxburgh wine of Guoquan Gelao in Qianmiao Zhuzhici written by Zhangshu in Jiaqing Period was the Earliest record.The historical documents from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China have different understandings about the name and reality,origin,development and utilization types,functions,picking season,varieties and the main body of development and utilization of Roxburgh,which reflected the level of development and utilization of Roxburgh.

关 键 词：刺梨 刺梨酒 竹枝词 名实考辨 开发利用 

分 类 号：S661.9-09[农业科学—果树学]