2022年四川省三地区谷物及制品真菌污染现状调查  

Investigation on the fungal contamination of cereals and products in three regions of Sichuan Province in 2022

作　　者：杨晓冬[1] 赵凤[1] 罗靖[1] 熊缘 YANG Xiaodong;ZHAO Feng;LUO Jing;XIONG Yuan(Nanchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2023年第7期830-834,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的 了解四川省南充市、广安市和遂宁市3地区谷物及制品中的真菌毒素污染情况。方法 2022年在南充市、遂宁市和广安市3地采集本地种植玉米粉/糁、薏米和大米样本,使用第一法同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法测定12种真菌毒素:黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2),脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其衍生物3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-Ac-Don)和15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-Ac-Don),伏马毒素B1(FB1)、伏马毒素B2(FB2)、伏马毒素B3(FB3),玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)以及赭曲霉毒素A(OTA),使用食品中交链孢霉毒素测定的标准操作程序同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法测定4种交链孢霉毒:交链孢酚(AOH)、交链孢酚单甲醚(AME)、交链孢菌酮酸(TeA)、腾毒素(TEN),检测真菌污染状况,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2022年在南充市、遂宁市和广安市采集本地种植玉米粉/糁、薏米、大米样本中,真菌毒素种类主要是交链孢毒素和伏马毒素,还受到DON及衍生物ZEN、AFB1的污染。真菌检出率为59.21%,无超标样品;薏米真菌检出率(85.00%)较玉米粉/糁(58.33%)、大米(35.00%)高(χ^(2)=10.373,P=0.006)。薏米主要受到FB和交链孢毒素的污染,玉米粉/糁的主要污染物是15-Ac-DON、AME、TeA、FB,大米主要检出FB、ZEN。有23.68%(18/76)样品受到2种及以上真菌毒素污染。结论 南充市、广安市和遂宁市3地谷物及制品真菌毒素污染水平较低,交链孢毒素和伏马毒素是检出率最高的真菌毒素,薏米是最容易受真菌毒素污染的谷物。Objective To investigate the mycotoxin contamination of cereals and products in Nanchong City,Guang’an City and Suining City of Sichuan Province.Methods In 2022,samples of locally grown corn flour/grits,barley and rice were collected in Nanchong City,Suining City and Guang’an City.The following 12 mycotoxins were determined by first-method isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry:aflatoxin B1(AFB1),aflatoxin B2(AFB2),aflatoxin G1(AFG1),aflatoxin G2(AFG2),deoxynivalenol(DON)and its derivatives 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol(3-Ac-Don)and 15-acetyl-deoxyniumoscylenol(15-Ac-Don),fumatoxin B1(FB1),fumatoxin B2(FB2),fumatoxin B3(FB3),zearalenone(ZEN)and ochratoxin A(OTA).Standard operating procedures for the determination of altertomycotoxins in food were used to detect the contamination status of four altertomycotoxins by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry:actinosporin(AOH),actinosporin monomethyl ether(AME),actinosporin ketoacid(TeA),tentotoxin(TEN).SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Rates were compared by Chi-square test,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results In 2022,samples of locally grown corn flour/grits,barley and rice collected in Nanchong City,Suining City and Guang’an City were mainly contaminated by mycotoxins,inlcuding cross-streptoxin,fumatoxin,DON and its derivatives ZEN and AFB1.The detection rate of fungi was 59.21%,and there were no samples exceeded the standard.Barley(85.00%)had a higher detection rate of fungi than those of corn flour/grits(58.33%)and rice(35.00%)(χ^(2)=10.373,P=0.006).Barley was mainly contaminated by FB and cross-streptoxin,and the main pollutants of corn flour/grits were 15-Ac-DON,AME,TeA,FB.While FB and ZEN were mainly detected in rice.A total of 23.68%(18/76)of the samples were contaminated with two or more mycotoxins.Conclusions The levels of mycotoxin contamination of cereals and products in Nanchong City,Guang’an City and Suining City were low.Cross-streptoxin and fumatoxin were t

关 键 词：谷物及制品 薏米 真菌毒素 污染状况 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]