2011—2021年重庆市沙坪坝区居民膳食中镉暴露风险评估  

Risk assessment of cadmium dietary exposure among residents in Shapingba District of Chongqing from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：甘鹏 吴丽敏 张鑫[2] 江滔 李龙杰 赖娟[2] 邹晓莉[1] GAN Peng;WU Limin;ZHANG Xin;JIANG Tao;LI Longjie;LAI Juan;ZOU Xiaoli(West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Shapingba Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,成都610041 [2]重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2023年第7期835-841,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(项目编号:2017YFC1600200)。

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市沙坪坝区居民膳食中镉含量及镉暴露风险、市售婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中镉污染及健康风险情况。方法2011—2021年根据《食品安全风险监测工作手册》在重庆市沙坪坝区随机采集13类973件食品,检测镉含量,结合居民膳食消费量数据,采用点评估方法计算每标准人每千克体重日均镉暴露量和安全限值(MOS),对居民膳食镉暴露进行风险评估。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果在检测的13类973件食品中,镉检出率为69.48%,平均污染水平为0.033 67 mg/kg,其中食用菌制品的镉平均污染水平最高(0.485 00 mg/kg),其次是干辣椒(0.078 61 mg/kg),大米(0.058 40 mg/kg),鲜辣椒(0.043 54 mg/kg),动物内脏及制品(0.042 89 mg/kg),最低是蛋及蛋制品(0.002 45 mg/kg)。居民每日膳食镉暴露量P50和P97.5分别为4.23×10^(-4)mg/kg BW、2.61×10^(-3)mg/kg BW,MOS值分别为1.97、0.32,镉暴露的来源主要是大米。按7~12月龄和13~36月龄进行分组分析,各月龄组的婴幼儿谷类辅助食品日镉暴露量(P50)分别为3.96×10^(-6)mg/kg BW、9.43×10^(-7)mg/kg BW,MOS值分别为210.43、883.51,日镉暴露量(P97.5)分别为6.35×10^(-5)mg/kg BW、1.51×10^(-5)mg/kg BW,MOS值分别为13.12和55.09。结论重庆市沙坪坝区居民膳食中镉的一般暴露风险较低,但需关注高暴露水平人群,尤其是高暴露水平大米类食品的镉暴露风险,相关部门应强化食用菌制品和辣椒类食品镉污染的风险管控。7~36月龄婴幼儿人群由婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中镉膳食暴露导致的健康风险可能性低。Objective To understand the cadmium content and exposure risk in the diet of residents and cadmium contamination and health risks in commercially available cereal supplements for infants and young children in Shapingba District of Chongqing.Methods According to the Work Manual of Food Safety Risk Monitoring,a total of 973 samples of 13 food categories were collected in Shapingba District of Chongqing from 2011 to 2021.Cadmium content in food was determined,the average daily cadmium exposure and safety limit(MOS)per kilogram body weight(BW)per standard person were calculated by point assessment method based on the dietary consumption data of residents,and the risk of dietary cadmium exposure was assessed.The rates were compared by Chi-square test,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The detection rate of cadmium in 973 samples of 13 food categories was 69.48%,and the average contamination level was 0.03367 mg/kg.Among the 13 food categories,the average pollution level of cadmium in edible fungi products was the highest(0.48500 mg/kg),followed by dried peppers(0.07861 mg/kg),rice(0.05840 mg/kg),fresh peppers(0.04354 mg/kg),animal organs and products(0.04289 mg/kg),and the pollution level of cadmium in eggs and egg products was the lowest(0.00245 mg/kg).The daily dietary cadmium exposure P50and P97.5were 4.23×10^(-4),2.61×10^(-3)mg/kg/BW and the MOS were 1.97 and 0.32,respectively.The main source of cadmium exposure was rice.According to the group analysis of 7-12 months of age and 13-36 months of age,the daily dietary cadmium exposure P50of infant cereal supplements were 3.96×10^(-6),and 9.43×10^(-7)mg/kg/BW,and MOS were 210.43 and 883.51,respectively.The daily cadmium exposure P97.5were 6.35×10^(-5) and 1.51×10^(-5)mg/kg/BW,and MOS were 13.12 and 55.09,respectively.Conclusions The general exposure risk of cadmium in the diet of residents in Shapingba District of Chongqing was low.However,attention should be paid to the risk of cadmium exposure in people with high exposure levels,especi

关 键 词：居民膳食 婴幼儿谷类辅助食品 镉 暴露风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]