道器之间:近代思想视野下的铁路、中国与世界(1875-1936)  

Between Dao and Qi:Railways,China and the World from the Perspective of Modern Thoughts(1875-1936)

作　　者：叶舒 宋桂杰 YE Shu;SONG Guijie

机构地区：[1]扬州大学苏中发展研究院 [2]扬州大学中国大运河研究院 [3]扬州大学长江文化研究院

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期45-58,共14页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“近代江苏铁路转运业研究”(2022SJYB2129)。

摘　　要：在近代铁路思想的演进中,既包括对铁路筹划、主权、债务以及建设等具体内容的探索,也包含对“道体器用”“物质与精神”等精神指导思想的讨论。从道器关系的角度看,中国近代铁路思想的发展经历了三个阶段:洋务运动时期,李鸿章等人从“器用”的角度阐述修筑铁路带来的利益,认为存在“道体”统一其上;甲午海战后,随着铁路主权论与瓜分中国论的出现,康有为等人对洋务派思想产生质疑,统一的“道体”分裂为中国与西方两部分;五四运动后,铁路作为西方物质文明的产物,被梁漱溟、李大钊等人拿来与东方精神文明进行对比,由此展开的物质与精神之争使得西方的“道体”衍化为追求“科学精神”的欧美道路以及探索革命与改造思想的苏俄道路,铁路也由此成为承载科学精神、社会主义的重要载体。In the evolution of modern railway thought,there have been discussions not only about the railway planning,sovereignty,debt and construction,but about the spiritual guiding ideology such as“Dao Ti Qi Yong(Principles as the essence and objects for the practice)”and“matter and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship btween Dao and Qi,the development of Chinese modern railway thoughts has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang et al.expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“Qi Yong”,and believed there was still a unity of“Dao Ti”.After the First Sino-Japanese War,with the emergence of the awareness of railway sovereignty and the threat of partitioning China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of the Westernization Group.The unified thoughts of“Dao Ti”were divided into two parts:Chinese thoughts and the Western thoughts.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the western“Dao-Ti”thoughts evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian path of exploring revolution and reforming ideology.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.

关 键 词：中国铁路史 道 器 洋务派 维新派 革命党人 欧美道路 苏俄道路 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] B25[历史地理—中国史] F532.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B26[经济管理—产业经济]