朱子与船山对“絜矩之道”义理诠释之比较  

Comparison between Zhu Zi and Wang Chuanshan’s Understanding of the“Principle of the Measuring Squares”

作　　者：昌柯杏 Chang Kexing(College of Philosophy,Law&Political Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海200030

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2023年第4期19-26,共8页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

摘　　要：朱子对“絜矩之道”的阐释建立在其心性论基础之上。他认为,对于为政者而言,“絜矩之道”要求其能做到以己心度量民心,并使民之善心得到实现。但为政者只有在心之感发出于性情之正时,才能真正做到絜同人心,实现“絜矩之道”。这也意味着“絜矩之道”内含着修己与治人两方面的工夫,要求为政者以格致诚正修身为本,体民之情,在人才用舍与国家财用方面做到大公无私。王船山对朱子的思想提出了批评,认为朱子仍然偏重于“絜矩之道”对个人道德修养的作用,而忽视了“絜矩之道”在政治实践活动中所具有的相对独立性。在船山晚年的作品中,我们又能明显看到他继承了朱子的相关思想,即从理想的致治之道的角度理解“絜矩之道”,但船山更凸显“絜矩之道”中絜同人情的重要性,提出君主要遏欲存理以实现民之公欲、共好。Zhu Zi interpreted“Principle of the Measuring Squares”based on the theory of heart and characters.He thought that the“Principle of the Measuring Squares”is to measure and expand the people’s kindness with their own hearts for the politicians.However,only when the feeling of the heart of the politician is in line with Principles of Heaven,can he truly achieve the“Principle of the Measuring Squares”.It means that it actually requires both self-cultivation and governing others,and these demands actually include Zhuzi’s view on being considerate and the debate between public and private.Wang Chuanshan criticized this view of Zhu Zi.He believes that Zhu Zi’s views still focus on the role of personal moral cultivation,and ignore the relative independence in the process of political activity.However,in Chuanshan’s later works,it can be clearly seen that he inherited Zhu Zi’s relevant interpretation of the“Principle of the Measuring Squares”,and also began to understand it from the perspective of the ideal way of governance.But Chuanshan highlighted the importance of the same people’s feelings,and on this basis,he point out the requirements of curb desire and realizing the common desires involved in the"Principle of the Measuring Squares".

关 键 词：絜矩之道 朱子 船山 心统性情 

分 类 号：B249.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]