短期摄入甜菜根汁对足球运动员体能和认知能力影响  

Effects of short-term intake of beetroot juice on physical and cognitive performance of football players

作　　者：杨丹亚[1] 王建芳 杨建全 张宁[4] YANG Danya;WANG Jianfang;YANG Jianquan;ZHANG Ning(Sports Department,Shangluo University,Shaanxi Shangluo 726000,China;College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials,Shangluo University,Shaanxi Shangluo 726000,China;Sports Department,Xi’an Medical University,Shaanxi Xi’an 710021,China;Department of Sports Biochemistry,Xi’an Physical Education University,Shaanxi Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]商洛学院体育部,陕西商洛726000 [2]商洛学院化学工程与现代材料学院,陕西商洛726000 [3]西安医学院体育部,陕西西安710021 [4]西安体育学院运动生化教研室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2023年第5期681-686,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：2019年度陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究项目(编号:2019Z048);陕西省体育局项目(编号:17021);2017年陕西省教育科学规划立项课题(编号:SGH17H356);陕西省科技厅科技计划项目(编号:2022KRM1-40)。

摘　　要：目的评估连续3天摄入甜菜根汁(BRJ)对足球运动员爆发力、反复冲刺能力和疲劳状况下认知水平的影响。方法本研究招募24名男性大学生足球运动员,采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照实验设计,分为对照组、低剂量组[每天分2次共摄入300 mL(0.53%NO_(3)^(-))BRJ]、高剂量组[每天分2次共摄入300 mL(4%NO_(3)^(-)),BRJ],受试者首先进行前测[反向跳跃(CMJ)、有Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试(YY1R)、stroop色词测试]建立基线,进行3天不同NO_(3)^(-)浓度BRJ或安慰剂补充,期间保持正常训练生活。最后1次补充BRJ后2 h后进行检测。结果经过短期BRJ补充,YY1R方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,跑动距离指标显著增加(P<0.05),且高剂量组的跑动距离明显多于低剂量组(P<0.05)。测试过程中,第1~12趟冲刺的RPE,各组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);第13~20趟冲刺对照组RPE值显著高于低剂量和高剂量组(P<0.05)。在CMJ方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,跳跃高度和功率上均显著提升(P<0.05),且高剂量组明显高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。在stroop色词测验方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,正确率显著提升、反应时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。结论短期摄入BRJ可显著增强足球运动员的爆发力和反复冲刺能力,并能缓解反复冲刺带来的身体不适感,同时能够缓解高强度运动后认知能力的下降。Objective To assess the effects of three consecutive days of beetroot juice(BRJ)consumption on the explosive power,repeated sprint ability,and cognitive performance of soccer players with fatigue.Methods A total of 24 male university soccer players were recruited for this randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled experiment.They were divided into three groups:control,low-dose(300 mL/d with 0.53%NO_(3)^(-)),and high-dose(300 mL/d with 4%NO_(3)^(-))BRJ supplementation.Baseline measurements including countermovement jumps(CMJ),Yo-Yo intermittent recovery(YY1R),and Stroop color-word tests were recorded.The participants consumed BRJ or a placebo for 3 d while maintaining their normal training and lifestyle routines.The final measurements were recorded 2 h after the last BRJ supplementation.Results Following short-term BRJ supplementation,individuals in both the low-and high-dose groups achieved significantly higher running distances than those in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,individuals in the high-dose group achieved a significantly greater running distance than those in the low-dose group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in ratings of perceived exertion(RPE)among the groups during the first 12 sprints(P>0.05).However,during sprints 13-20,individuals in the control group achieved significantly higher RPE values than those in the low-and high-dose groups(P<0.05).In terms of CMJ,compared to individuals in the control group,those in the lowand high-dose groups showed significant improvements in jump height and power(P<0.05),with those in the high-dose group showing greater improvements than those in the low-dose group(P<0.05).In the Stroop color-word test,compared to individuals in the control group,those in the low-and high-dose groups exhibited significant improvements in accuracy and reduced reaction times(P<0.05).Conclusion We demonstrated that short-term BRJ supplementation significantly enhanced explosive power and repeated sprint ability in soccer players.It also alleviated the discomfort asso

关 键 词：甜菜根汁 认知能力 足球运动员 反复冲刺 爆发力 硝酸根 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]