油茶授粉蜜蜂的培育与应用  

Cultivation and Application of Camellia oleifera Pollination Bees

作　　者：李震 黄强[1,2] 彭成涛 张永 钟史清 颜伟玉 曾志将[1,2] LI Zhen;HUANG Qiang;PENG Chengtao;ZHANG Yong;ZHONG Shiqing;YAN Weiyu;ZENG Zhijiang(Institute of Honeybee,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping,Nanchang 330045,China;Apicultural Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省蜜蜂生物学与饲养重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省养蜂研究所,江西南昌330052

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期944-951,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172790);国家蜂产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-44-KXJ15)。

摘　　要：【目的】油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国南方主要食用油料树种,但油茶花授粉效率很低,存在“花多果少”现象,严重影响了油茶果产量,油茶花授粉技术已成为油茶产业中“卡脖子”难题。蜜蜂是最常见授粉昆虫,但由于油茶花中的花蜜和花粉,会引起蜜蜂幼虫腐烂和成年蜜蜂胀肚等中毒症状,因此蜜蜂不愿采集油茶花的蜜粉。本研究拟在育王期间添加油茶蜂蜜来培育对油茶蜜粉具有抗性的蜂王及工蜂后代,旨在提高蜜蜂为油茶授粉效率。【方法】以西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)为试验材料,在油茶花期饲养20群蜜蜂,从中选择1群烂子率低的蜂群作为试验群。在第2年春季油菜花期结束后,利用以上烂子率低试验群中蜂王产卵进行育王。育王哺育群分为试验组和对照组,试验组在放入育王框前7 d摇净蜂群中蜂蜜,同时饲喂足油茶蜂蜜;而对照组饲喂足量油菜蜂蜜。然后统计育王王台封盖率,刚羽化出房蜂王初生重、胸重、胸宽、前翅长、卵巢管数及卵巢中卵黄原蛋白(Vg)和储存蛋白110 b(Hex110b)基因相对表达量。另外利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定试验组和对照组王台内剩余蜂王浆中的糖类成分及绝对含量。试验组和对照组蜂王自然交尾成功后,供油茶花期开展授粉试验使用,分别统计试验组和对照组蜂群烂子率。【结果】与对照组相比,试验组王台的封盖率和蜂王出房率显著降低(P<0.05),但两组刚羽化出房蜂王初生重、胸重、胸宽、前翅长、卵巢管数及卵巢中Vg和Hex110b基因相对表达量均无显著差异(P>0.05));与对照组相比,试验组王台内剩余蜂王浆中含有甘露三糖、棉籽糖和水苏糖;在油茶花期,试验组蜂群的幼虫存活率和封盖率都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】在西方蜜蜂育王期间,给蜂群饲喂足量的油茶蜂蜜,所培育蜂王繁殖的蜂群在为油茶授粉期间烂子率显著降低,建议�[Objective]Camellia oleifera is the main consumable oil tree in southern China,However,its pollination efficiency is very low,causing more flowers and less fruit,which seriously affects the yield of C.oleifera fruit.Consequently,pollination of oil tea flowers has become a stranglehold issue in the C.oleifera industry.Bees are the most common pollinating insects.However,due to the fact that nectar and pollen in Camellia oleifera flowers will cause poisoning symptoms such as bee larvae rotting and adult belly swelling,therefore,bees are reluctant to collect nectar and pollen from Camellia oleifera flowers.In this study,camellia honey was added during the breeding period to cultivate queens and worker bee offspring resistant to camellia honey powder,aiming to improve the efficiency of bee pollination for camellia.[Method]Western honey bees(Apis mellifera)were used as the experimental material.Twenty colonies were reared during the blooming period of C.oleifera,from which one colony with low rotten seed was selected as the breeding colony.After the Brassica napus blooming in the following spring,the queen was reared using eggs laid by the queen in the above breeding colony.The honey was cleaned in the breeding colony 7 days before placing in the queen rearing frames.Meanwhile,the treatment group were fed with sufficient C.oleifera honey.The control group were fed with adequate B.napus honey.The capping rate,birth weight,thorax weight,thorax width,forewing length,number of ovarian tubes and relative expression levels of Vitellogenin(Vg)and Hexamerin 110 b(Hex 110 b)in the ovaries were quantified in the two groups of cultured queens.In addition,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to determine the saccharide composition and absolute amount of the remaining royal jelly in the experimental or control queen cells.After the natural mating of the queens in the experimental group and the control group was successful,it was used for pollination test during the flowering period of Camellia oleifera.The rott

关 键 词：蜜蜂 油茶 蜂蜜 授粉 蜂王培育 

分 类 号：S892.6[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S897.3[农业科学—畜牧兽医]