上海市婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-氯丙醇酯污染的暴露风险评估  

Risk assessment of dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in infant formula powders in Shanghai

作　　者：秦璐昕[1] 罗宝章[1] 蔡华[1] 杨京津 邱丹萍 刘弘[1] 吴春峰[1] QIN Luxin;LUO Baozhang;CAI Hua;YANG Jingjin;QIU Danping;LIU Hong;WU Chunfeng(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2023年第6期700-704,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生健康委员会科研课题(20194Y0349)。

摘　　要：[背景]氯丙醇酯是近年来受到广泛关注的新型污染物,主要在植物油精炼过程中产生,其中以3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPDE)污染问题最为突出,其在生物体内水解生成3-氯丙醇,已被证实具有生殖毒性、肾脏毒性及潜在致癌性。婴幼儿配方乳粉生产加工过程中添加精炼植物油的同时会引入氯丙醇酯污染。[目的]了解上海市售0~3岁婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-MCPDE污染状况及婴幼儿配方乳粉的消费情况,科学评估婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-MCPDE污染与健康风险。[方法]采用气相色谱-质谱法测定133件上海市采集的市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中3-MCPDE污染水平。采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,从上海各区街道/乡/镇内随机抽取0~3岁婴幼儿共807人作为调查对象,包括0~6月龄婴幼儿208人、6~12月龄婴幼儿276人和12~36月龄婴幼儿323人。运用食物频率表法,采用线上电话询问、线下现场面对面调查相结合的方式,对婴幼儿监护人开展问卷调查,调查婴幼儿配方乳粉的消费水平。建立暴露量评估模型计算3-MCPDE暴露量,应用@Risk 7.5软件并根据Monte Carlo原理模拟计算,获得0~3岁婴幼儿的3-MCPDE暴露水平概率分布。结合欧洲食品安全局(ESFA)提出的3-MCPDE的每日可耐受摄入量2.00μg·(kg·d)^(-1),对上海市0~3岁婴幼儿经婴幼儿配方乳粉摄入3-MCPDE进行暴露风险评估。[结果]133件0~3岁婴幼儿配方乳粉中,3-MCPDE检出平均值为0.115 mg·kg^(-1),检出率为100.00%。0~6月龄配方乳粉中3-MCPDE质量分数(后简称为浓度)及脂肪浓度均最高,平均值分别为0.136 mg·kg^(-1)和25.2 g(每100 g样品计)。相关性结果显示,样本中脂肪浓度与3-MCPDE浓度之间存在正相关关系(r=0.438,P<0.05)。807位0~3岁婴幼儿对婴幼儿配方乳粉的消费量平均值为88.3 g·d^(-1);0~6、6~12以及13~36月龄婴幼儿对婴幼儿配方乳粉消费量平均值分别为87.7、98.3和80.1 g·d^(-1)。经模拟计算得到上海市0~3岁婴�[Background]Chloropropanol esters(MCPDE)have attracted much attention in recent years as a kind of new contaminant found in various refined oils.The pollution of 3-monochloropropane1,2-diol esters(3-MCPDE)is the most prominent.3-MCPDE is hydrolyzed in organisms to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol which has been shown to have reproductive toxicity,nephrotoxicity,and potential carcinogenicity.Infant formula powders can be polluted by 3-MCPDE when refined edible oils are added during production.[Objective]To assess the risk of exposure to 3-MCPDE related to the consumption of infant formula powders for children aged 0-3 years in Shanghai market using the food consumption data and the data of 3-MCPDE contamination in these foods.[Methods]Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine 3-MCPDE in 133 samples of infant formula powders in Shanghai.Using a multistage stratified random sampling method,a total of 807 infants and toddlers aged 0-3 years were randomly selected from each district/rural/town in Shanghai,including 208 children aged 0-6 months,276 children aged 6-12 months,and 323 children aged 12-36 months.The food consumption data was investigated using food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)distributed by combining telephone inquiries and face-to-face interviews among guardians.Population's probability distributions of 3-MCPDE exposure were assessed by@Risk 7.5 software and Monte Carlo simulation algorithm.According to the dietary intake assessment model and the tolerable daily intake(TDI)of 3-MCPDE of 2.00μg·(kg·d)^(-1) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority(ESFA),a risk assessment of exposure to 3-MCPDE was conducted for infants and toddlers aged 0 to 3 years old in Shanghai who consumed 3-MCPDE via infant formula powders.[Results]The average concentration of 3-MCPDE in 133 samples of infant formula powders was 0.115 mg·kg^(-1) with a positive rate of 100.00%.Among different types of formula powders,infant formula powders for infants of 0-6 months had the highest concentrations of 3-MCPDE and f

关 键 词：婴幼儿配方乳粉 3-氯丙醇酯 人群暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]