从“自由人”到“第三种人”——胡秋原的“文化斗争论争”重探  

From“Freeman”to“the Third Class”:Re-discussion on the Debate of Cultural Struggle of Hu Qiuyuan

作　　者：阮芸妍 RUAN Yunyan(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2023年第3期20-28,共9页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘左联’与‘国际革命作家联盟’国际连带史料文献翻译与研究”(20CZW054);重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2018CDXYGYY0051)。

摘　　要：胡秋原紧扣时代命题所提出的“自由人的文化运动”论,因涉及当时文化革命之目标、任务与主体的领导权而触动了“左联”的敏感神经,从而揭开了“文艺自由”论争的序幕。此后,胡秋原将之扩充为“为反帝国主义文化而斗争”,进一步使得“文化斗争”命题成为这场论争的核心。故本文提出打破“文艺自由”所结构出来的论争叙事,改采“文化斗争论争”命名并循此理解这场论争的新视点,指出胡秋原在论辩中,如何多次通过对自我指称的重新表述,回应来自论敌的指责以及时局变化的要求。从“自由人”到“第三种人”的自我指称背后,不是简单的词汇变化,而是牵连着他因对中国现代历史的责任感而生发的需求,也呈现出他对“主体如何介入现实”问题的积极思考。The article tries to argue that the thesis of“the cultural movement of the freemen”presented by Hu Qiuyuan is closely related to the sensitive issues of leadership of culture.Hu's thesis intended to give a new way of thinking and participated in the design and execution of the project,and therefore,it started the debate with the Chinese Left-Wing Writers'League.With the development of the debate,Hu Qiuyuan successively proposed“struggle for anti-imperialist culture”and“the free men's cultural movement”.Hu's thesis lifted the curtain on the debate and became the principal axis in the debate.This is the reason why the article names the debate as“the debate of cultural struggle”rather than“the debate of literary liberalism”.The article tries to follow the speeches by Hu Qiuyuan and the words he uses to refer to himself in each stage of the debate,and demonstrates that the challenges he posed and his worries responding to his opponents in the debate,the changes of the realities and the responsibility for the Chinese modern history.

关 键 词：文艺自由 胡秋原 自由人 第三种人 文化斗争 

分 类 号：I02[文学—文学理论]