追求卓越的公平基础——基于1958年《国防教育法》的美国学生指导咨询服务  

Justi ce and Fairness for Pursuing Excellence:A Study of National Defense Education Act of 1958 and American Student Guidance System

作　　者：王慧敏[1] 陈怀鹏 WANG Huimin;CHEN Huaipeng(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（教育科学版）》2023年第5期118-125,共8页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“危机与契机:1958年《国防教育法》与冷战中的美国教育改革”(22FJKB025)。

摘　　要：1958年,在苏联发射人造卫星和美国教育危机的刺激下,《国防教育法》中有关学生指导咨询的条款应运而生。通过对该条款实施情况的考察发现,该条款不仅使美国学生指导咨询的内容发生了重要转向,还推进了20世纪后半叶学生指导体系的专业化发展。尽管其出发点是选拔天才学生,但在实践中,它并非仅为天才教育服务,而是呈现“非精英性”的特点,实现了指导咨询服务的普及化。透过该条款,可以更全面客观地了解《国防教育法》在推动美国教育改革和发展过程中发挥的作用,进而探讨和反思针对人才竞争中的拔尖人才,应该提供一种怎样的人才培养机制和制度化基础。National Defense Education Act of 1958 coined the American student guidance system to meet the challenge of Sputnik and the educational crisis.This paper examined the implementation of this act to identify the change of contents of American student guidance and counseling and the professional development of the system in the late 20th century.It found that although the initial intention was to spot gifted students,this act presented the characteristics of“non-elite”guidance in the process of implementation that helped to realize the popularization of guidance and counseling services in American schools.Thus,it comprehensively displayed the role of the act in promoting the reform of American education and streamlining the personnel training system and institutionalized guidance for all students to project the justice and fairness of excellence pursuit.

关 键 词：《国防教育法》 指导咨询项目 美国学生指导体系 拔尖人才培养 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]