手语语音加工及其神经机制研究述评  

Review of Phonological Processing in Sign Languages and Its Neural Mechanisms

作　　者：张小红 李红[1] Zhang Xiaohong;Li Hong(School of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Chongqing University,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学外国语学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第4期1017-1023,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB18072)的资助。

摘　　要：语音加工在言语理解与产出中具有重要的作用。手语是基于视觉-手势模态的自然语言,也具有语音结构,但与口语的语音结构之间有很大的差异。本文总结和分析了近年来有关手语语音加工的研究,发现手语加工中存在基于音韵参数的语音信息激活和使用,且手语的语音加工神经机制与口语具有相似之处,尤其在双侧颞叶和左侧额下回等部分脑区存在重合,同时在左侧枕叶和缘上回等脑区具有一定的特异性。最后,文章从语音加工单元和手语语种等方面展望了未来的研究方向。Phonological processing concerns access to and use of mental phonological representation,which is essential to language comprehension and production.However,most findings and theories on phonological processing are based on spoken or written languages,with relatively little evidence from sign languages.As natural human languages,sign languages can also be analyzed at a phonological level.But they are articulated in a visual-gestural modality and have some unique features different from spoken languages.For example,1)the manual and largely simultaneous articulation of phonological units or parameters(e.g.,location,handshape,and movement),and 2)a tight relation between phonology and semantics due to the prevalence of iconicity,i.e.,sign forms visually resemble their meanings.These features may result in some phonological processing mechanisms different from those found in spoken languages,hence posing challenges to current language processing theories.To reveal what is fundamental and what is modality-specific about language processing,this article attempts to review recent works on phonological processing in sign languages,with a focus on its empirical evidence and neurological mechanisms.On the one hand,studies from different paradigms and techniques show that parameter-based phonological information is activated and used for sign recognition.First,signs with higher phonological neighborhood density are recognized slower than those with low density,indicating that phonological competitors are activated and compete for identification.Priming studies have found that prime-target sign pairs with one-or twoparameter overlap are responded to at a different speed or elicit different amplitude N400s from those unrelated pairs.In addition,eye-tracking studies using the visual world paradigm show that,compared to unrelated pictures,participants spend more time looking at competing pictures whose corresponding signs share one or two parameters with the target signs.These findings indicate that phonological processing in si

关 键 词：手语 语音加工 音韵参数 神经机制 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]