民族共同体、现代国家与新兴世界体系——以康有为民族论为考察中心  

National Community,Modern State and Emerging World System:Focusing on Kang Youwei's Ethnology

作　　者：杨天奇 YANG Tianqi

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019 [2]华东师范大学中文系

出　　处：《孔子研究》2023年第4期5-19,共15页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目“中华传统文化的创造性转换与创新性发展”(项目编号:15@zh016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清以降,康有为等士大夫群体期望能合满、汉、回、蒙、藏诸民族构建一“华族”,以现代国家的身份巍然屹立于世界民族之林。其所谓“华族”“五族共和”乃至“中华民族”,本质是具有现代意味的“民族”而非传统意义上的“族群”。康有为等志士仁人虽未直接运用“共同体”理论,但在思考中能洞见疆域、文化、经济对社会改革的重要性,并依此对中国当时状况及未来给予深刻省察。康有为等努力倡建的“民族—国家”不啻为与新兴世界体系相对接的“现代共同体”。迨至今日,尽管民族国家是唯一得到国际承认的政治组织结构,但它仍是一个需要不断改进的概念。在新兴世界体系中,民族国家不仅要维护本国国界以内“国族共同体”的利益,更应在共同价值理念的框架下,努力探寻人类命运共同体、人类新文明的构建路径与未来趋向。Building a local ethnic group,namely the"Chinese Nation",that is different from other ethnic groups in the world is not only an important symbol of a country's modernization,but also a necessary stage for its survival in the"nation state system".Since the late Qing Dynasty,Kang Youwei and other literati groups expected to build a"Chinese nation"with the Manchu,Han,Hui,Mongolian and Tibetan nationalities,and stand majestically among the nations in the world as a modern country.Therefore,their so-called"Chinese Nation","Five Races Under One Union"and even"Chinese Nation"are essentially"nations"with a modern sense rather than"ethnic groups"in the traditional sense.Although Kang Youwei and other people did not apply the"community"theory directly,they were able to gain insight into the importance of territory,culture and economy to social reform in their thinking,and can give a deep insight into China's current situation and future,which is worth referring to.Take the reverse into consideration,the"nation state"advocated by Kang and others is actually a"modern community"that is connected to the emerging world system.Until now,although the nation-state is the only internationally recognized Political organisation structure,it is still a concept that needs continuous improvement.In the emerging world system,"nation states"should not only safeguard the interests of their own"national community",but also try to explore the construction path and future trend of community with a shared future and a new civilization under the framework of commonvalues.

关 键 词：民族共同体 现代国家 华族 五族共和 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]