“道论”和“天论”:从《黄帝四经》论“老学”至“黄老学”的世界观演变  

Doctrine of Dao&Doctrine of the Heaven:A Study on the Evolution of World Outlook From"the Theory of L ao Zi"to"the Theory of Huang-lao"in The Yellow Emperor's Four Canons

作　　者：袁承维 YUAN Chengwei

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2023年第4期149-156,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：《黄帝四经》的作者建构世界观时,继承了《老子》以“道”为万物之本源的传统。虽然《黄帝四经》和《老子》都把“道”作为规律的神圣依据,但二者在“道体”内涵的理解上略有出入。相较于《老子》,《黄帝四经》对道体形象的描述趋于细腻,利于读者理解和运用。《黄帝四经》一方面承自《老子》的自然之天,另一方面袭于传统,把“天”的内涵分为“空间居所的描述”“天道运行的律则”“人格意义的存在”三种。通过天地的并称,作为形下世界的“空间描述”是可以肯定的存在;从《黄帝四经》“推天道以明人事”的强烈企图,可以了解天的“天道”意义不但存在,还是最重要的意义;至于“人格意义的存在”,或许受到商周天论影响,并未脱离人格天的理解,不过其中联系较为薄弱,这种联系仅仅通过“孕生”和“赏罚”两种手段来证明。在天论的纷杂意义之下,可以看出黄老学相对于老学,更像是道家尝试与现实融合发展的结果。When the author of The Yellorw Em peror's Four Canons constructed his world outlook.he inherited the tradi-tion of Lao Zi that"Dao"is the origin of all things.Although The Yellow Em peror's Four Canons and Lao Zi both regard Dao as the sacred basis of law.there are some differences in the understanding of the connotation of the body of Dao.Com-pared with Lao Zi,The Yellow Em peror's Four Canons tend to describe more meticulously the image of Dao,which is con-ducive to readers'understanding and application.The Yellow Em peror's Four Canons,on the one hand,inherited the concept of the natural heaven from Lao Zi,on the other hand,it held that,according to tradition,"Heaven"has three dif-ferent connotations,namely:"a description of residential space","the law of the operation of Heaven",and"the existence of personality meaning".In view of the fact that Heaven is used side by side with Earth,Heaven,"a description of space",as the physical world,does exist.From the attempt in The Yellow Em peror's Four Canons to"understand the way of the human world through the law of Heaven",we can know that the sense of Heaven as"the law of Heaven"not only exists,but it is the most important meaning.As for"the existence of personality meaning",the idea,influenced perhapsby the theo-ry of Heaven in Shang and Zhou Dynasties,is not divorced from the idea of personified Heaven,but the two ideas have only weak connection,which is proved only by such means as"conception"and"reward-punishment".From the various meanings of the Doctrine of Heaven,it can be seen that,compared with the Theory of Lao Zi,the Theory of Huang Lao is more like the result of the integration of Daoism and the reality.

关 键 词：《黄帝四经》 《老子》 道论 天论 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]