微扰论和变分法在求解量子力学定态问题中的应用  

Application of the Perturbation Theory and Variational Method in Solving the Stationary State Problems of Quantum Mechanics

作　　者：皮艳梅[1] 牟艳男[1] 高帆 PI Yanmei;MU Yannan;GAO Fan(Heihe University,Heihe,Heilongjiang Province,164300 China)

机构地区：[1]黑河学院,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《科技资讯》2023年第16期217-220,共4页Science & Technology Information

摘　　要：在量子力学的具体问题中,由于体系的哈密顿算符比较复杂,能够精确求解的问题很少,只能用近似方法求体系的近似解。微扰论和变分法是求解量子力学定态问题常用的两种近似方法,微扰论是近似方法中最基本的一种,变分法是一种具有实用价值的近似方法,两种方法各有优缺点,也有各自的局限性。该文通过具体实例研究微扰论和变分法在求解量子力学定态问题中的应用。In the specific problems of quantum mechanics,there are a few problems that can be solved accurately because the Hamiltonian operator of the system is relatively complex,and the approximate solution of the system can only be obtained by the approximation method.The perturbation theory and variational method are two commonly used approximate methods for solving the stationary state problems in quantum mechanics.The perturbation theory is the most basic one of approximate methods,the variational method is an approximate method with practical value,and both of the methods have their own advantages,disadvantages and limitations.This paper studies the application of the perturbation theory and the variational method in solving the stationary state problems in quantum mechanics by concrete examples.

关 键 词：微扰论 变分法 近似方法 量子力学 定态 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]