理想主义与工具主义的矛盾:国际文凭组织中的意识形态困境论析  

The Contradiction Between Idealism and Instrumentalism:An Analysis of the Ideological Dilemma in the International Diploma Organization(IB)

作　　者：王明 杨启光 WANG Ming;YANG Qiguang(School of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian,350007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学教育学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第7期83-101,共19页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学项目“百余年来国际教育发展进程中的意识形态问题研究”(项目编号:BDA220036)。

摘　　要：在国际文凭组织(IB)五十余年的发展历程中,理想主义与工具主义的意识形态博弈从未间断,并呈现出历史阶段性的演变特征。理想主义与工具主义的摇摆与交织主要体现在IB服务目的、课程标准以及公民教育三个维度,国际关系理论演化下的IB国际教育实践、新自由主义全球化下的IB学校规模扩张、IB课程全球化带来的民族国家教育体系消解以及工具主义人才评估标准冲击下的IB外部评估体系是形成两种意识形态张力的四个关键因素。在当代全球化时代,理想主义与工具主义逐渐形成一种共生关系,并且工具主义的市场逻辑逐渐掩盖了IB原初的国际教育理想主义精神。因此,新时期的IB致力于超越经济全球化逻辑推动全球公民教育发展、重新激活国际教育的世界主义话语、增加消除阶层教育的国际学术机会以及合理平衡IB课程评估标准的全球普遍与本土个性关系,以回应最初的国际主义精神,达到理想与现实的平衡。In the more than fifty years of IB's development,the ideological game of idealism and instrumentalism has never ceased and has shown the characteristics of historical stages of evolution.The oscillation and intertwining of idealism and instrumentalism are mainly reflected in the three dimensions of IB service purposes,curriculum standards,and civic education.The international education practice of IB under the evolution of international relations theory,the expansion of IB school scale under the globalization of neo-liberalism,the disintegration of national education system brought about by the globalization of IB curriculum and the external evaluation system of IB under the impact of instrumentalism talent evaluation standards are the four key factors that form the two ideological tensions.In the contemporary era of globalization,idealism and instrumentalism have gradually formed a symbiotic relationship,and the market logic of instrumentalism has gradually overshadowed the original idealistic spirit of international education in the IB.Therefore,Therefore,in the new era,IB is committed to promoting the development of global civic education beyond the logic of economic globalization,reactivating the cosmopolitan discourse of international education,increasing international academic opportunities to eliminate class education,and rationally balancing the relationship between global universality and local individuality of IB curriculum evaluation criteria,in response to the initial spirit of internationalism and achieving a balance between ideal and reality.

关 键 词：国际文凭组织 国际教育 意识形态 全球化 

分 类 号：G513[文化科学—教育学]