“诉讼债权”的理论证成:民事诉讼法学研究新范式探索  

Theoretical Justification of“Litigation Creditor's Rights”:Exploring a New Research Paradigm in Civil Procedural Law Studies

作　　者：王德新 Wang Dexin

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2023年第4期75-87,共13页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新兴权利的民事诉权保障研究”(18BFX062)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：债权具有成为各部门法共用的理论分析工具的潜质,历史上私法债权理论率先兴起,公法债权理论继而兴起,劳动法、经济法等领域也不断确认劳动债权、金融债权等新兴债权类型。民事诉讼法领域也存在大量的给付请求权现象,具有提炼诉讼债权的可行性。所谓诉讼债权,是指根据民事诉讼法和(或)民法的规定,一诉讼主体得请求另一诉讼主体为或不为一定实体给付的权利。民事诉讼法兼有公法私法混合法的属性,民事诉讼法律关系包括纵向的审判法律关系和横向的争讼法律关系,在审判法律关系中会产生“公法性质的诉讼债权”,在争讼法律关系中会衍生出“私法性质的诉讼债权”。通过提炼和运用诉讼债权理论,能够在民事诉讼主体之间构建起债权形态的法律约束机制,为程序保障论的实质化、促进民法典和民事执行法的科学实施等提供了可靠的理论分析工具。Creditor's rights have the potential to become a theoretical and analytical tool shared by various legal sectors.Historically,theories on creditor's rights emerged first in private law,which was followed by their emergence in the field of public law.In fields such as labor law and economic law,new types of creditor's rights,such as labor creditor's rights and financial creditor's rights,have been recognized.In the field of civil procedural law,there are also numerous instances of claims for payment,making it feasible to extract the concept of“litigation creditor's rights”.The so-called litigation creditor's rights refer to the rights of one party in litigation to request the other party to perform or refrain from performing certain obligations in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Procedure Law and/or the Civil Law.The Civil Procedure Law possesses the characteristics of a mixed law combining public law and private law.Civil procedural legal relationships include vertical adjudicatory legal relationships and horizontal litigation legal relationships.In adjudicatory legal relationships,“litigation creditor's rights with a public law nature”may arise,while in litigation legal relationships,“litigation creditor's rights with a private law nature”may be derived.By refining and applying the theory of litigation creditor's rights,it is possible to establish a legal mechanism in the form of creditor's rights between civil litigation parties,providing reliable theoretical and analytical tools for among other things the substantialization of procedural safeguards,and the promotion of the sound implementation of the Civil Code and the Civil Enforcement Law.

关 键 词：债权 民事诉讼 诉讼债权 生成机理 研究范式 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]