我国高校教师劳动关系的历史脉络、现实问题与理应进路  

The Historical Evolution,Realistic Problems and Reasonable Approaches of Labor Relations between Universities and Teachers in China

作　　者：张金丹 ZHANG Jindan(Education Research Institute,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2023年第5期52-59,共8页Journal of Teacher Education

基　　金：牡丹江师范学院科研项目“高等教育目的导向的多元质量评价研究”(QN2020010),项目负责人:张衷平。

摘　　要：高校教师劳动关系是基于知识生产、学术劳动,体现一定的权利与义务,在高校与教师之间形成的法律、经济和社会关系的总和。新中国成立以来,我国高校教师劳动关系主要经历了事业编制时期、职称管理时期、聘用任命时期与多元用工时期,分别呈现集权化、自主化、契约化、复杂化的阶段性特征。当前,我国高校教师劳动关系面临三重现实困境,即高校教师法律制度不完善引发法律关系问题、经济制度不完善激化经济关系矛盾以及管理制度不完善导致社会关系不融洽。这些现实问题主要表现在高校教师法律权利不明确、法律地位失衡、经济收入差距较大、职业归属感缺乏等方面。新时代我国高校教师劳动关系需要构建以劳动法为内核的法律关系、以公平有效为准则的经济关系、以人本和谐为原则的社会关系,从而推动新时代高校教师劳动关系和谐发展。The labor relations between university and teachers are based on knowledge production and academic work,reflecting specific rights and obligations.They represent the sum of legal,economic,and social relationships between universities and faculty members.Since the establishment of the People s Republic of China,the labor relations between university and teachers have undergone distinct stages:the period of institutionalization,the era of title management,the phase of appointment and employment,and the era of diversified employment.These stages have respectively displayed centralized,autonomous,contractual,and complex characteristics.Presently,the labor relations in China s higher education face three main challenges.These are inadequacies in the legal framework leading to legal relationship issues,shortcomings in the economic system intensifying economic conflicts,and deficiencies in management systems leading to disharmonious social relations.These issues manifest in unclear legal rights for faculty,imbalances in legal status,significant income disparities,and a lack of professional belonging.In the new era,university and teachers labor relations require the establishment of legal relations centered around labor laws,economic relations guided by principles of fairness and effectiveness,and social relations guided by human-centered harmony.This approach will promote harmonious development of university teachers labor relations in the new era.

关 键 词：高校教师 劳动关系 职称管理 多元用工 职业归属感 公平有效 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]