贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄需水量变化特征及影响因素分析  

Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Requirement of Wine Grape in the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountains

作　　者：尚艳 张磊[1,3] 王静 李娜[1,3] 徐蕊 姜琳琳 郭伟 SHANG Yan;ZHANG Lei;WANG Jing;LI Na;XU Rui;JIANG Linlin;GUO Wei(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions/Ningxia Key Lab for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute,Yinchuan 750002,China;Xige Estate,Wuzhong 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室/宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象台,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏气象科学研究所,宁夏银川750002 [4]西鸽酒庄,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2023年第5期1-9,共9页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41965009);宁夏自然基金项目(2020AAC03466)。

摘　　要：明确贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生育期需水量的变化特征及其影响因素,可为合理调剂供水量、提高水资源利用效率、减少水土流失等提供科学依据,为区域酿酒葡萄品质及产量提升提供理论支撑。研究基于1981—2020年贺兰山东麓产区6个基本气象站点的资料,采用Penman-Monteith及有效降雨量公式计算了酿酒葡萄生育期的需水量、缺水量及有效降雨量,并通过通径分析研究风速、平均气温、日照时数、有效降水、最高气温等气象要素对酿酒葡萄需水量的影响。结果表明:1981—2020年间,贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄生育期需水量为458.04~546.74 mm,总体呈现“低-高-低”的抛物线走势,表现为4月需水量最少,7月需水量最大;有效降雨呈增加趋势,需水量、缺水量均呈减少趋势;逐年水分盈亏指数为﹣87%~﹣49%,石嘴山、永宁、贺兰、青铜峡、银川产区水分盈亏指数均呈上升趋势,仅同心产区呈下降趋势;影响酿酒葡萄生育期需水量的要素有风速、平均气温、最高温度、日照时数和有效降雨,其中风速和平均气温对需水量的影响较大。To clarify the change characteristics and influencing factors of water demand of wine grape in growth period at the eastern foot of Helan Mountains,provide scientific basis for reasonable adjustment of water supply,improve water resource utilization efficiency,reduce of soil erosion,etc.,and provide theoretical support for improving regional wine grape quality and yield.Based on the meteorological data of six basic meteorological stations in the eastern foot of Helan Mountains from 1981 to 2020,Penman Monteith formula and effective precipitation formula were used to calculate the water demand,water deficit and effective precipitation of wine grape during growth period,and the influence of meteorological factors such as wind speed,average temperature,sunshine hours,effective precipitation,the highest temperature on water demand of wine grapes were studied by path analysis.The results showed that from 1981 to 2020,the water demand for wine grapes during growth period in the eastern foot of Helan Mountains was 458.04-546.74 mm,overall presented a parabola trend of"low-high-low",showed the minimum water demand in April and the maximum water demand in July;the effective precipitation increased,and the water demand and water shortage decreased;the annual water profit and loss index was﹣87%to﹣49%.The water profit and loss index of Shizuishan,Yongning,Helan,Qingtongxia and Yinchuan production areas showed an upward trend,while that of Tongxin production areas showed a downward trend;the factors that affect the water demand of wine grape during growth period were wind speed,average temperature,maximum temperature,sunshine hours and effective precipitation,among which wind speed and average temperature had greater impact on water demand.

关 键 词：贺兰山东麓 酿酒葡萄 需水量 气象要素 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]