空气弹簧悬架系统减振器的优化设计  

Optimal Design for Shock Absorber in an Air Suspension System

作　　者：顾信忠 李浩 GU Xinzhong;LI Hao(School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2023年第5期93-100,共8页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

摘　　要：为了解决现有的悬架理论难以指导非线性空气悬架系统减振器设计的问题,以提高车辆行驶平顺性为目标,对减振器的主要结构参数进行了优化设计.首先采用四阶龙格-库塔方法,分析了空气悬架的动力学特性及其随系统阻尼的变化规律.考虑到非线性悬架动力学特性对减振器的速度特性和位移特性都比较敏感,常用的线性和分段线性阻尼力计算模型不能满足要求,建立并验证了双作用筒式减振器的物理模型,通过对其阻尼特性进行参数研究,选取影响较大的阻尼阀孔径和复原阀、压缩阀最大开度为设计变量,以车身加权加速度和轮胎相对动载荷为目标函数,遵循悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷的设计要求,采用约束NSGA-Ⅱ算法对减振器结构参数进行了优化.仿真计算结果显示,采用优化的减振器设计,车身加权加速度、车轮相对动载荷和悬架动挠度的均方根值分别降低了25.67%、18.59%和10.0%,车辆的行驶平顺性得到了提升.The design of a shock absorber for nonlinear suspension system(NSS)with the current suspension theory is a formidable task.To address the issue,an effort has been made for an air suspension system by using an optimization technique to reduce the road excitations transmitted to the vehicle body.First,the dynamic characteristic of the NSS is examined numerically,and the result shows that the dynamic response of suspension system is sensitive to its damping effect.Then,based on the verified simulation model,a parametric study investigating the effect of shock absorber parameters on damping characteristics is also performed.The parameters with significant effect on damping characteristics,such as orifices size and maximum opening of damping valves,are optimized in such a way that ride comfort is increased.For the multi-objective optimization,the constrained NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm is employed,considering the suspension dynamic deflection and tyre load.The simulated results show that the optimized RMS of weighted body acceleration,tyre load and suspension deflection are reduced by 25.67%,18.59%and 10.0%,respectively.

关 键 词：减振器 多目标优化 约束NSGA-Ⅱ算法 平顺性 非线性空气悬架系统 

分 类 号：U461.1[机械工程—车辆工程]