等离子体协同超声波辅助弱酸弱碱法提取小龙虾虾壳中甲壳素  

Plasma assisted ultrasonic-assisted extraction of chitin from crayfish shell by weak acid and weak base method

作　　者：丁子骏 李金林[1] 符颖菲 张秋霞 毛艺蓥 王为 彭斌 涂宗财[1,2] 周炎 DING Zijun;LI Jinlin;FU Yingfei;ZHANG Qiuxia;MAO Yiying;WANG Wei;PENG Bin;TU Zongcai;ZHOU Yan(National Research and Development Center of Freshwater Fish Processing Technology,College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China;State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China;Shunxiang Food Company,Yiyang,Hunan 413200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院国家淡水鱼加工技术研发专业中心,江西南昌330022 [2]南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江西南昌330047 [3]顺祥食品有限公司,湖南益阳413200

出　　处：《食品与机械》2023年第8期18-24,共7页Food and Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32260604,32060557);江西省重点研发计划项目(编号:20203BBFL63062);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(编号:CARS-45)。

摘　　要：目的:探索一种绿色高效的甲壳素提取方法。方法:将烘干的小龙虾虾壳粉碎后,依次经过3种目数(50,100,200目)筛分后得到原料,进行等离子体照射处理(160 W,2 min),利用柠檬酸和尿素在超声波作用下分别脱去样品中的钙质和蛋白质,利用过氧化氢脱色处理,过滤后烘干得到甲壳素产品。采用激光散射粒度分布分析仪分析甲壳素产品粒径大小,傅里叶红外光谱仪对其红外吸收特征进行测定,扫描电镜观察表观结构。结果:小龙虾虾壳粉过筛目数越大,等离子体处理后甲壳素产品纯度越高。200目虾壳粉等离子体处理组的甲壳素得率提高至43.93%,纯度提高到55.39%。3种目数虾壳粉经过等离子体处理后得到的甲壳素样品粒径由未经等离子处理的340.05,184.30,137.39μm,分别下降至195.95,159.02,53.51μm。红外光谱检测显示,等离子体协同超声辅助弱酸弱碱法脱钙质与脱蛋白处理的小龙虾虾壳粉显现出甲壳素标品红外吸收特征,表明处理的样品主要成分为甲壳素。电镜扫描结果显示,经过等离子处理后甲壳素样品结构更为松散,表面不平整。多元统计分析显示,筛分和等离子体处理对甲壳素样品整体性质影响较大。结论:虾壳粉筛分后经过等离子体协同超声波辅助弱酸弱碱提取甲壳素,减少了传统酸碱法对环境的污染,有效提升了甲壳素的提取率和纯度。Objective:To explore a green and efficient method for extracting chitin.Methods:The crayfish shells were crushed through three mesh sieves to obtain the raw material.Utilizing ultrasonic wave and citric acid and urea to remove calcium and protein from the sample,decolorize it with hydrogen peroxide,filter it,and then dry it to produce chitin products.The particle size of the chitin sample was analyzed by laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer.Infrared absorption characteristics were measured by an infrared spectrometer.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the apparent structure of the sample.Results:It was shown that the larger the mesh size,the higher the purity of the chitin product.The yield of chitin from 200 mesh crayfish shell powder increased to 43.93%,and the purity increased to 55.39%.The particle size of chitin samples obtained from shrimp shell powder of three mesh numbers after plasma treatment decreased from 340.05,184.30,and 137.39μm without plasma treatment to 195.95,159.02,and 53.51μm respectively.Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the crayfish shell powder treated by plasma-assisted ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base method displayed the absorption characteristics of chitin and magenta,indicating that the main component of the treated sample was chitin.The scanning electron microscope results showed that the structure of the chitin sample was looser and the surface was uneven after plasma treatment.Multiple statistical analyses showed that screening and plasma treatment had a significant impact on the whole properties of chitin samples.Conclusion:In this study,plasma and ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base extraction of chitin from crayfish shells can improve the traditional acid-base process,reduce the environmental pollution of acid-base reagents,and effectively improve the extraction rate and purity of chitin.

关 键 词：筛分 等离子体 甲壳素 超声波 弱酸弱碱法 

分 类 号：TS254.9[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]