含硅镁型混合脱色剂在鳀鱼油脱色及助滤中的作用  

Decolorization and filter aid effect of silicon-magnesium mixed decolorizer in anchovy oil

作　　者：黎稳 俞骏[1] 谢宸伟 陶宁萍[1,2] LI Wen;YU Jun;XIE Chenwei;TAO Ningping(College of Food Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing&Preservation,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [2]上海水产品加工及贮藏工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《食品与机械》2023年第8期166-174,共9页Food and Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(编号:2020YFD090042)。

摘　　要：目的:提高脱色剂和鱼油的分离效率,并同时保证高脱色率。方法:利用分光光度计测出鱼油的最佳吸收波长;使用硅酸镁、活性白土两种脱色剂进行复配,以脱色率、过滤速度为评价指标;通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计,分别对混合脱色剂的用量、脱色时间和温度进行试验,优化鳀鱼油脱色的工艺参数;通过板框过滤放大实验验证脱色剂的脱色及助滤效果;采用气相色谱法测定粗鱼油、脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油4种鱼油的脂肪酸组成和含量。结果:鳀鱼油的最佳吸收波长为671 nm;混合脱色剂复配比例(m活性白土∶m硅酸镁)为4∶1,过滤速度为(26.65±0.64)mL/min;响应面优化结果:混合脱色剂用量为5.00 g/100 g油脂、脱色时间57.00 min、温度72.00℃,脱色率为(95.74±1.35)%,理论脱色率为95.50%;吸油率为(1.15±0.10)%,鱼油回收率为(91.72±1.60)%;板框过滤试验中混和脱色剂的脱色效果与对照组无显著性差异,但拥有更快的过滤速率;粗鱼油、脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油的饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸绝对含量均无显著性差异,但脱色油中的二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸显著增多,其绝对含量由(117.42±0.23),(65.20±2.31)mg/g增加到(128.97±0.86),(68.62±1.59)mg/g。结论:硅酸镁是一种有效的助滤剂且具有吸附效果,与活性白土复配可以保证鱼油的脱色效果,并且还能解决板框压滤机分离脱色剂与鱼油的滤饼堵塞问题;混合脱色剂具有吸油率低、脱色效率高、过滤速度快的优势。Objective:This study aimed to improve the separation efficiency of decolorizing agent and fish oil,and ensure high decolorization rate at the same time.Methods:The optimum absorption wavelength of fish oil was measured by spectrophotometer.Magnesium silicate was mixed with activated clay into compound decolorizers,and was used to evaluate the decolorization rate and filtration speed.The decolorization parameters of anchovy oil were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface experiment.The oil absorption rate and fish oil recovery rate of decolorizing agent were calculated.The decolorization and filter aid effect of decolorizing agent were verified through the plate and frame filter scale-up experiment.Fatty acid absolute content of crude oil,degummed oil,deacidified oil,and bleached oil was determined by gas chromatography.Results:The best absorption wavelength of anchovy oil was 671 nm.The compound results of mixed decolorizer was as follows:the ratio of activated clay∶magnesium silicate was 4∶1 and its filtration rate was(26.65±0.64)mL/min.Response surface optimization results showed that the decolorization rate was(95.74±1.35)%,at the dosage of 5.0%,57 min,and 72℃.The oil absorption rate was(1.15±0.10)%and fish oil recovery was(91.72±1.60)%.In the plate and frame filtration experiment,the decolorization effect of the mixed decolorizer was not significantly different from the control group,but it had a faster filtration rate.The absolute content of SFA and MUFA in crude oil,degummed oil,deacidified oil,and bleached oil had no significant difference.Increasing from(117.42±0.23)mg/g and(65.20±2.31)mg/g to(128.97±0.86)mg/g and(68.62±1.59)mg/g,the absolute content of EPA and DHA in bleached oil increased significantly.Conclusion:Magnesium silicate is an effective filter aid and has adsorption effect.Its combination with activated clay can ensure the decolorization effect of fish oil.Additionally,it can solve the problem of blocking the filter cake of separating the decolorizing agent a

关 键 词：鱼油 脱色工艺 硅酸镁 助滤剂 混合脱色剂 

分 类 号：TS225.24[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]