高速列车车门凹腔结构的流致振动特性  

Flow-Induced Vibration Characteristics around the Door Cavity Structure of High-Speed Trains

作　　者：姚拴宝 陈大伟 韩运动 宋军浩 帅仁忠 YAO Shuanbao;CHEN Dawei;HAN Yundong;SONG Junhao;SHUAI Renzhong(National Engineering Research Center for High-Speed EMU,CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,国家高速动车组总成工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第5期158-168,共11页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300601)。

摘　　要：流致振动是高速列车设计和运维过程中需要重点关注的问题之一。针对高速列车司机室车门区域的凹腔结构,利用数值计算、风洞试验和实车线路试验相结合的方法,分析车门区域的流场特征和车门出现流致振动现象的主要原因,据此对车门两侧凹腔结构和扶手进行优化,并对封堵凹腔和扶手内移2种优化方案进行实车试验验证。结果表明:司机室车门上游凹腔结构诱导的展向涡导致车门表面出现高频的脉动压力,列车运行速度越高,压力波动幅值越大,但波动频率锁定在83 Hz,当压力幅值超过车门承受的限值后,车门将出现流致振动现象;气动拉力和气动侧向力是诱发司机室车门流致振动的主要气动载荷,车门宜设置在车体横截面不变区域;通过优化凹腔结构和扶手的形状能够消除司机室车门的流致振动现象;合理改变扶手位置能够减弱凹腔结构引起的流致振动现象;如果要消除流致振动现象,应将扶手改为盖板结构,或者将扶手截面形状改为非圆形截面。Flow-induced vibration is one of the key problems that need to be paid more attention to during the design and operation and maintenance of high-speed trains.In this paper,aiming at the cavity structure of the cab boarding area of high-speed trains,the flow field characteristics around the door and the main reasons for the occurrence of flow-induced vibration are analyzed by the combination method of numerical calculation,wind tunnel test and real vehicle line test.Then the cavity structure and handrail on both sides of the door are optimized and the two optimization schemes of sealing the cavity and moving the handrail inward are verified by real vehicle tests.The results show that the spanwise vortex induced by the cavity on upstream of the cab door leads to the high-frequency pulsating pressure on the door surface.The higher the train running speed is,the greater the pressure fluctuation amplitude is,but the fluctuation frequency is locked at 83 Hz.When the pressure amplitude exceeds the limit value of the door,the door will appear flow-induced vibration.The aerodynamic tension and aerodynamic lateral force are the main aerodynamic loads that induce the flow-induced vibration of the cab door.The door should be set in the constant area of the cross section of the vehicle body.The flow-induced vibration of the cab door can be eliminated by optimizing the cavity structure and handrail shape.The flow-induced vibration can be reduced by changing the position of handrail reasonably.To eliminate flow-induced vibration,it is recommended to change the handrail to a cover plate,or change the cross-section shape of the handrail to a non-circular section.

关 键 词：高速列车 凹腔 流致振动 实车测试 数值计算 风洞试验 脉动压力 

分 类 号：U292.914[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]