道岔区轮轨廓形演变对接触几何关系的影响  

Influence of Wheel-Rail Profile Evolution on Contact Geometric Relationship in Turnout

作　　者：高原 司道林 王树国 杨东升 GAO Yuan;SI Daolin;WANG Shuguo;YANG Dongsheng(Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第5期169-179,共11页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(K2021G026);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2020YJ208)。

摘　　要：为揭示轮轨廓形演变对道岔区轮轨接触几何关系的影响,结合迹线法和基于先进经验的窗口放缩搜索法,构建道岔区轮轨多点接触几何模型,并利用传统迹线法和成熟商业软件对比验证几何模型计算的精确性;在测试长期服役过程中真实车轮型面和道岔变截面钢轨廓形的基础上,研究不同服役阶段下轮轨廓形演变对接触点分布、滚动圆半径差和侧滚角的影响,进而分析轮轨接触几何关系和轮轨力过渡特性。结果表明:随着道岔通过总重的增加,轮轨接触点从基本轨提前迁移至尖轨;磨耗会导致轮轨接触点发生跳跃、分布不连续,从而显著增加轮轨间动态相互作用;随着磨耗进一步加剧,轮对侧滚角最大值从0.04 mrad逐渐减小至0 mrad并最终出现负值;轮轨垂向力和车体加速度从86.643 kN和0.032 m·s^(-2)分别升至101.466 kN和0.038 m·s^(-2)后,脱轨系数和轮重减载率对应从0.433和0.215分别升至0.505和0.247,显著降低了列车行车平稳性和安全性。To reveal the influence of wheel-rail profile evolution on contact geometric relationship in turnout,combining trace line method and window-expansion search method based on advanced experience,the geometric model of wheel-rail multi point contact in turnout is established,and the calculation accuracy of the geometric model is verified by comparing with trace line method and mature commercial software.On the basis of testing the real wheel profile and the rail profile with variable cross-section in turnout during long-term service,the effects of wheel-rail profile evolution on distribution of contact points,difference of rolling circle radius and side roll angles under different service stages were studied,and the geometric relationship of wheelrail contact and the transition characteristics of wheel-rail force are further analyzed.The results show that with the increase of passing gross weight in turnout,the wheel-rail contact point will be transited from stock rail to switch rail in advance.The wear will cause jump and discontinuous distribution of contact points,which will obviously intensify the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail.With the further development of wear,the maximum side roll angle of wheelset decrease from 0.04 mrad to 0 mrad and finally reverses.When the vertical force of wheel-rail and the vehicle acceleration are increased from 86.643 kN and 0.032 m·s^(-2) to 101.466 kN and 0.038 m·s^(-2) respectively,the derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate increase from 0.433 and 0.215 to 0.505 and 0.247 respectively,which significantly reduce the running stability and safety of vehicle.

关 键 词：高速道岔 多点接触算法 廓形演变 轮轨接触关系 窗口放缩搜索法 

分 类 号：U213.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]