康德历史哲学的思维方法  

The Thinking Method of Kant’s Philosophy of History

作　　者：刘凤娟 LIU Fengjuan(School of Philosophy and Social Development,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China,510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学哲学与社会发展学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期1-9,共9页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“康德历史哲学新论”(19FZXB041)。

摘　　要：康德历史哲学之所以能够被称为“哲学”,是由于它具有完善的思维方法,并且契合其批判哲学的先验逻辑的方法论。首先,就普遍历史的理念而言,它表达的是纯粹理性凭借一个“终极目的”概念对人类社会中一切经验性行动的系统统一性,其中包含着理性的合目的性原则。这种原则在“第三批判”中也被理解为是理性托付给了反思性判断力。其次,在合目的性原则之下,普遍历史呈现为辩证发展的进程。而历史的驱动力就是人性内部社会性与非社会性的内在矛盾。康德的合目的性原则构成历史哲学的普遍方法论,辩证的发展观则构成合目的性原则的辅助和手段,两者构成一种复合型的思维方法。Kant’s philosophy of history can be called“philosophy”,because it has a sound method of thinking and fits into the methodology of transcendental logic of his critical philosophy.First of all,as far as the idea of universal history is concerned,it expresses the systematic unity of all empirical actions in human society by virtue of the concept of a“final end”of pure reason,and contains the principle of purposiveness of reason.This principle is also understood in the Third Critique as being entrusted by reason to reflective judgment.Second,under the principle of purposiveness,universal history presents itself as a process of dialectical development.And the driving force of history is the inherent contradiction between the social and the unsocial predispositions within human nature.In Kant’s case,the principle of purposiveness is the universal methodology of his philosophy of history,while the dialectical view of development is the aid and means of the principle of purposiveness.The two constitute a composite method of thinking.

关 键 词：康德 历史 思维方法 合目的性 辩证发展观 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]