2020年河北省某市儿童青少年近视流行现状及影响因素  

Epidemic situation and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in a city of Hebei Province in 2020

作　　者：赵艳 刘香 江雷 杨楠[1] 张卫平[1] 杨雨 ZHAO Yan;LIU Xiang;JIANG Lei;YANG Nan;ZHANG Weiping;YANG Yu(Handan Center For Disease Control And Prevention,Handan,Hebei 056000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]邯郸市疾病预防控制中心,河北邯郸056000 [2]邯郸市卫生健康委综合监督执法局

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第9期859-863,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究课题(20220511)。

摘　　要：目的 了解2020年河北省某市儿童青少年近视流行现状及影响因素,分析该地区儿童青少年近视流行病学特点,为制定近视防控措施提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样调查方法,抽取该地区1个城区和1个郊县5.5岁~18岁儿童青少年共5 266人进行视力筛查和近视相关影响因素问卷调查。近视筛查及判定标准按照《儿童青少年近视筛查规范》进行。结果 共检出近视2 791人,近视率为53.00%。幼儿园、小学、初中和高中生的近视率依次为20.69%、37.92%、68.21%、80.98%,提示该市儿童青少年近视率随教育程度的升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=854.445,P<0.01);女生近视率(57.42%)高于男生(48.64%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.730,P<0.01);城区学生近视率(54.61%)高于郊县(51.02%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.754,P<0.01)。结论 河北省某市儿童青少年近视率处在较高水平,并受多种因素综合影响,可开展针对性的干预措施,预防儿童青少年近视发生发展。Objective To understand epidemic situation and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in a city of Hebei Province in 2020,and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of myopia among children and adolescents in this area,so as to provide references for the developing myopia prevention and control measures.Methods A total of 5266 children and adolescents aged 5.5 to 18 years from one urban area and one suburban county were selected from that region by stratified cluster random sampling method for visual acuity screening and myopia related risk factors questionnaire survey.Myopia screening and diagnostic criteria were in accordance with the Myopia Screening Standards for Children and Adolescents.Results A total of 2791 cases of myopia were detected,and the myopia rate was 53.00%.The myopic rate of kindergarten,primary school,junior middle school and senior high school students were 20.69%,37.92%,68.21%and 80.98%respectively,indicating that the myopia rate of children and adolescents in this city increased with the increase of education level,and the diference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=854.445,P<0.01).The myopia rate of girls(57.42%)was higher than that of boys(48.64%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=40.730,P<0.01).The myopia rate of urban students(54.61%)was higher than that of rural students(51.02%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.754,P<0.01).Conclusion The myopia rate of children and adolescents in a city of Hebei Province is at a high level and is affected by a combination of multiple factors.Targeted intervention measures should be carried out to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 近视 流行病学 影响因素 调查 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]