植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾生长消化、肠肝形态及抗氧化和免疫水平的影响  

Effects of phytosterols on growth performance and digestion,immune and antioxidant responses,and digestive organ morphology in Procambarus clarkia

作　　者：杨志刚[1] 王笑 任胜杰 刘永健 顾晓龙 王爱民 YANG Zhigang;WANG Xiao;REN Shengjie;LIU Yongjian;GU Xiaolong;WANG Aimin(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Marine and Bioengineering,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng 224000,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215000,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]盐城工学院海洋与生物工程学院,江苏盐城224000 [3]江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室,江苏苏州215000 [4]浙江省淡水水产研究所,农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室,浙江省鱼类健康与营养重点实验室,浙江湖州313001

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第5期655-667,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32273154);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20210943);上海市自然科学基金项目(22ZR1427300);江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室开放课题项目(KJS2228);盐城工学院高层次人才科研启动项目(xjr2021022);上海市研究生教育学会研究课题项目(ShsgeG202215).

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长、消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。制备5组等氮等脂饲料,分别为在基础饲料中添加0%(CON)、0.10%(P1)、0.19%(P2)、0.38%(P3)和0.76%(P4)的植物甾醇,对体均重为(9.37±0.02)g的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示,P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组,脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。P1组肝胰腺中酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高,P2组血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高,但与CON差异均不显著(P>0.05)。随着植物甾醇添加水平提高,肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势,丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组, P1组肠道结构更加健康完整,植物甾醇水平达到0.19%及以上时,克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现受损状态。随着植物甾醇水平提高,肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,本实验条件下添加0.10%~0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化,改善肠肝组织形态,提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary phytosterols on growth performance,digestion,antioxidant and immune responses,and hepatopancreas and intestinal morphology in Procambarus clarkii.Five diets were prepared by adding 0%,0.10%,0.19%,0.38%,and 0.76%phytosterols to the basal diet,which were named CON,P1,P2,P3,and P4,respectively.The crayfish were cultured for six weeks,and their average body weight was(9.37±0.02)g.The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in P1 and P2 were significantly higher than those in CON(P<0.05),and the growth performance in P2 was the best.The protease activity in the gut in P3 was significantly higher than that in CON,while the lipase activity was significantly lower(P<0.05).The acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in P1 were the highest in the hepatopancreas,and the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in P2 were the highest in the hemolymph;however,there were no significant differences compared to those in CON(P>0.05).As the phytosterol level increased,the total superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph increased,and the malondialdehyde content decreased.Compared with CON,the intestinal structure in P1 was improved.However,when the phytosterol level exceeded 0.10%,hepatopancreas and intestinal damage increased with the increase in the dietary phytosterol level.The expression of NF-κB in the hepatopancreas increased as the phytosterol level increased.The expression of Hsp70 in P1 was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,0.10%-0.19%dietary phytosterol could promote the growth and digestion of P.clarkii,improve the morphology of the intestinal and liver tissues,and enhance the antioxidant and immune responses of P.clarkii.

关 键 词：植物甾醇 克氏原螯虾 生长性能 免疫 抗氧化 组织形态 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]