敦煌学与故宫学——比较、回顾及展望  

Dunhuang Studies and Gugong Studies——Comparison,Review and Future Prospects

作　　者：王旭东 WANG Xudong(Palace Museum,Beijing 100009)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2023年第4期12-23,共12页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：对敦煌学与故宫学进行比较与思考,重点从敦煌学与故宫学的研究对象、内涵之比较、学术历程回顾、前景展望及设想等四个方面来进行探讨。敦煌学与故宫学皆是高度综合性的学问,以大型建筑群作为承载空间,研究对象中均有数量巨大的艺术品、文物及独树一帜的文献。二者的研究历程都肇始于20世纪初国宝文物、文献的流散以及外国学者的抢先研究,激发了中国有识之士奋起直追的意愿;经过筚路蓝缕、披荆斩棘的努力,建立起中国学界自己的研究队伍,并最终成立了专门研究和保护敦煌石窟与故宫的学术机构,遂将敦煌学与故宫学的研究一直引领至今。展望敦煌学与故宫学前景,故宫是中华文明源远流长的见证,敦煌是丝绸之路上中外文化交流的见证,故而应当从中国文化整体的视角来研究和发展敦煌学与故宫学。此外,还应加强基础研究与综合研究,重视文化遗产保护与公众普及。This article presents a comparative review and historical retrospect on Dunhuang studies and Gugong studies with a focus on the following four aspects of these two fields:comparison of their research objects and academic findings,review of their academic histories,prospects for future research,and proposals for the advancement.Both Dunhuang studies and Gugong studies are highly comprehensive disciplines concerned with huge,extremely complicated architectural constructions that contain a large amount of artworks,cultural relics and unique documents.The academic histories of both fields began at a moment when precious national treasures and documents were being dispersed abroad,and when foreign scholars at the beginning of the 20th century had already begun advanced study of these objects.Both sets of circumstances stimulated Chinese people with the aspiration to conduct academic study along their own lines of thought.After pushing through decades of hardship,Chinese academia established itself,along with various academic institutions specialized in the conservation and research of the Dunhuang Caves and the Imperial Palace;the establishment of the these institutions and the Palace Museum in Beijing can now be recognized as inaugural events in the history of Dunhuang studies and Gugong studies.In terms of the future of these disciplines,it is the belief of the author that further research should be conducted and developed from the holistic perspective of Chinese culture.While the Palace Museum bears witness to the long history of Chinese civilization,Dunhuang is a central location in the history of Sino-foreign cultural exchanges.Finally,it should be recognized that basic,more comprehensive research efforts need to be strengthened,while the conservation of cultural heritage and public popularization still require greater development.

关 键 词：敦煌学 故宫学 比较 中国文化 中外文化交流 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]